121
164
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a client program that
122
165
communicates with <citerefentry><refentrytitle
123
166
>mandos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
124
to get a password. It uses IPv6 link-local addresses to get
125
network connectivity, Zeroconf to find servers, and TLS with an
126
OpenPGP key to ensure authenticity and confidentiality. It
127
keeps running, trying all servers on the network, until it
128
receives a satisfactory reply or a TERM signal is received.
167
to get a password. In slightly more detail, this client program
168
brings up network interfaces, uses the interfaces’ IPv6
169
link-local addresses to get network connectivity, uses Zeroconf
170
to find servers on the local network, and communicates with
171
servers using TLS with a raw public key to ensure authenticity
172
and confidentiality. This client program keeps running, trying
173
all servers on the network, until it receives a satisfactory
174
reply or a TERM signal. After all servers have been tried, all
175
servers are periodically retried. If no servers are found it
176
will wait indefinitely for new servers to appear.
179
The network interfaces are selected like this: If any interfaces
180
are specified using the <option>--interface</option> option,
181
those interface are used. Otherwise,
182
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> will use all interfaces that
183
are not loopback interfaces, are not point-to-point interfaces,
184
are capable of broadcasting and do not have the NOARP flag (see
185
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>netdevice</refentrytitle>
186
<manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>). (If the
187
<option>--connect</option> option is used, point-to-point
188
interfaces and non-broadcast interfaces are accepted.) If any
189
used interfaces are not up and running, they are first taken up
190
(and later taken down again on program exit).
193
Before network interfaces are selected, all <quote>network
194
hooks</quote> are run; see <xref linkend="network-hooks"/>.
131
197
This program is not meant to be run directly; it is really meant
178
244
assumed to separate the address from the port number.
181
This option is normally only useful for testing and
247
Normally, Zeroconf would be used to locate Mandos servers,
248
in which case this option would only be used when testing
188
<term><option>--interface=
189
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
255
<term><option>--interface=<replaceable
256
>NAME</replaceable><arg rep='repeat'>,<replaceable
257
>NAME</replaceable></arg></option></term>
191
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
259
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable><arg rep='repeat'>,<replaceable
260
>NAME</replaceable></arg></option></term>
194
Network interface that will be brought up and scanned for
195
Mandos servers to connect to. The default it
196
<quote><literal>eth0</literal></quote>.
199
If the <option>--connect</option> option is used, this
200
specifies the interface to use to connect to the address
263
Comma separated list of network interfaces that will be
264
brought up and scanned for Mandos servers to connect to.
265
The default is the empty string, which will automatically
266
use all appropriate interfaces.
269
If the <option>--connect</option> option is used, and
270
exactly one interface name is specified (except
271
<quote><literal>none</literal></quote>), this specifies
272
the interface to use to connect to the address given.
275
Note that since this program will normally run in the
276
initial RAM disk environment, the interface must be an
277
interface which exists at that stage. Thus, the interface
278
can normally not be a pseudo-interface such as
279
<quote>br0</quote> or <quote>tun0</quote>; such interfaces
280
will not exist until much later in the boot process, and
281
can not be used by this program, unless created by a
282
<quote>network hook</quote> — see <xref
283
linkend="network-hooks"/>.
286
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable> can be the string
287
<quote><literal>none</literal></quote>; this will make
288
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> only bring up interfaces
289
specified <emphasis>before</emphasis> this string. This
290
is not recommended, and only meant for advanced users.
248
365
Sets the number of bits to use for the prime number in the
249
TLS Diffie-Hellman key exchange. Default is 1024.
366
TLS Diffie-Hellman key exchange. The default value is
367
selected automatically based on the GnuTLS security
368
profile set in its priority string. Note that if the
369
<option>--dh-params</option> option is used, the values
370
from that file will be used instead.
376
<term><option>--dh-params=<replaceable
377
>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
380
Specifies a PEM-encoded PKCS#3 file to read the parameters
381
needed by the TLS Diffie-Hellman key exchange from. If
382
this option is not given, or if the file for some reason
383
could not be used, the parameters will be generated on
384
startup, which will take some time and processing power.
385
Those using servers running under time, power or processor
386
constraints may want to generate such a file in advance
393
<term><option>--delay=<replaceable
394
>SECONDS</replaceable></option></term>
397
After bringing a network interface up, the program waits
398
for the interface to arrive in a <quote>running</quote>
399
state before proceeding. During this time, the kernel log
400
level will be lowered to reduce clutter on the system
401
console, alleviating any other plugins which might be
402
using the system console. This option sets the upper
403
limit of seconds to wait. The default is 2.5 seconds.
409
<term><option>--retry=<replaceable
410
>SECONDS</replaceable></option></term>
413
All Mandos servers are tried repeatedly until a password
414
is received. This value specifies, in seconds, how long
415
between each successive try <emphasis>for the same
416
server</emphasis>. The default is 10 seconds.
422
<term><option>--network-hook-dir=<replaceable
423
>DIR</replaceable></option></term>
426
Network hook directory. The default directory is
427
<quote><filename class="directory"
428
>/lib/mandos/network-hooks.d</filename></quote>.
328
509
server could be found and the password received from it could be
329
510
successfully decrypted and output on standard output. The
330
511
program will exit with a non-zero exit status only if a critical
331
error occurs. Otherwise, it will forever connect to new
332
<application>Mandos</application> servers as they appear, trying
333
to get a decryptable password and print it.
512
error occurs. Otherwise, it will forever connect to any
513
discovered <application>Mandos</application> servers, trying to
514
get a decryptable password and print it.
337
518
<refsect1 id="environment">
338
519
<title>ENVIRONMENT</title>
522
<term><envar>MANDOSPLUGINHELPERDIR</envar></term>
525
This environment variable will be assumed to contain the
526
directory containing any helper executables. The use and
527
nature of these helper executables, if any, is
528
purposefully not documented.
340
This program does not use any environment variables, not even
341
the ones provided by <citerefentry><refentrytitle
534
This program does not use any other environment variables, not
535
even the ones provided by <citerefentry><refentrytitle
342
536
>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
541
<refsect1 id="network-hooks">
542
<title>NETWORK HOOKS</title>
544
If a network interface like a bridge or tunnel is required to
545
find a Mandos server, this requires the interface to be up and
546
running before <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> starts looking
547
for Mandos servers. This can be accomplished by creating a
548
<quote>network hook</quote> program, and placing it in a special
552
Before the network is used (and again before program exit), any
553
runnable programs found in the network hook directory are run
554
with the argument <quote><literal>start</literal></quote> or
555
<quote><literal>stop</literal></quote>. This should bring up or
556
down, respectively, any network interface which
557
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> should use.
559
<refsect2 id="hook-requirements">
560
<title>REQUIREMENTS</title>
562
A network hook must be an executable file, and its name must
563
consist entirely of upper and lower case letters, digits,
564
underscores, periods, and hyphens.
567
A network hook will receive one argument, which can be one of
572
<term><literal>start</literal></term>
575
This should make the network hook create (if necessary)
576
and bring up a network interface.
581
<term><literal>stop</literal></term>
584
This should make the network hook take down a network
585
interface, and delete it if it did not exist previously.
590
<term><literal>files</literal></term>
593
This should make the network hook print, <emphasis>one
594
file per line</emphasis>, all the files needed for it to
595
run. (These files will be copied into the initial RAM
596
filesystem.) Typical use is for a network hook which is
597
a shell script to print its needed binaries.
600
It is not necessary to print any non-executable files
601
already in the network hook directory, these will be
602
copied implicitly if they otherwise satisfy the name
608
<term><literal>modules</literal></term>
611
This should make the network hook print, <emphasis>on
612
separate lines</emphasis>, all the kernel modules needed
613
for it to run. (These modules will be copied into the
614
initial RAM filesystem.) For instance, a tunnel
616
<quote><literal>tun</literal></quote> module.
622
The network hook will be provided with a number of environment
627
<term><envar>MANDOSNETHOOKDIR</envar></term>
630
The network hook directory, specified to
631
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> by the
632
<option>--network-hook-dir</option> option. Note: this
633
should <emphasis>always</emphasis> be used by the
634
network hook to refer to itself or any files in the hook
635
directory it may require.
640
<term><envar>DEVICE</envar></term>
643
The network interfaces, as specified to
644
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> by the
645
<option>--interface</option> option, combined to one
646
string and separated by commas. If this is set, and
647
does not contain the interface a hook will bring up,
648
there is no reason for a hook to continue.
653
<term><envar>MODE</envar></term>
656
This will be the same as the first argument;
657
i.e. <quote><literal>start</literal></quote>,
658
<quote><literal>stop</literal></quote>,
659
<quote><literal>files</literal></quote>, or
660
<quote><literal>modules</literal></quote>.
665
<term><envar>VERBOSITY</envar></term>
668
This will be the <quote><literal>1</literal></quote> if
669
the <option>--debug</option> option is passed to
670
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>, otherwise
671
<quote><literal>0</literal></quote>.
676
<term><envar>DELAY</envar></term>
679
This will be the same as the <option>--delay</option>
680
option passed to <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>. Is
681
only set if <envar>MODE</envar> is
682
<quote><literal>start</literal></quote> or
683
<quote><literal>stop</literal></quote>.
688
<term><envar>CONNECT</envar></term>
691
This will be the same as the <option>--connect</option>
692
option passed to <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>. Is
693
only set if <option>--connect</option> is passed and
694
<envar>MODE</envar> is
695
<quote><literal>start</literal></quote> or
696
<quote><literal>stop</literal></quote>.
702
A hook may not read from standard input, and should be
703
restrictive in printing to standard output or standard error
704
unless <varname>VERBOSITY</varname> is
705
<quote><literal>1</literal></quote>.
347
710
<refsect1 id="files">
348
711
<title>FILES</title>
399
786
</informalexample>
400
787
<informalexample>
402
Run in debug mode, and use a custom key:
789
Run in debug mode, and use custom keys:
406
793
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
407
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt</userinput>
794
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt --tls-pubkey keydir/tls-pubkey.pem --tls-privkey keydir/tls-privkey.pem</userinput>
410
797
</informalexample>
411
798
<informalexample>
413
Run in debug mode, with a custom key, and do not use Zeroconf
414
to locate a server; connect directly to the IPv6 address
415
<quote><systemitem class="ipaddress"
416
>2001:db8:f983:bd0b:30de:ae4a:71f2:f672</systemitem></quote>,
417
port 4711, using interface eth2:
800
Run in debug mode, with custom keys, and do not use Zeroconf
801
to locate a server; connect directly to the IPv6 link-local
802
address <quote><systemitem class="ipaddress"
803
>fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2</systemitem></quote>, port 4711,
804
using interface eth2:
421
808
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
422
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt --connect 2001:db8:f983:bd0b:30de:ae4a:71f2:f672:4711 --interface eth2</userinput>
809
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt --tls-pubkey keydir/tls-pubkey.pem --tls-privkey keydir/tls-privkey.pem --connect fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2:4711 --interface eth2</userinput>
425
812
</informalexample>
450
837
The only remaining weak point is that someone with physical
451
838
access to the client hard drive might turn off the client
452
computer, read the OpenPGP keys directly from the hard drive,
453
and communicate with the server. To safeguard against this, the
454
server is supposed to notice the client disappearing and stop
455
giving out the encrypted data. Therefore, it is important to
456
set the timeout and checker interval values tightly on the
457
server. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle
839
computer, read the OpenPGP and TLS keys directly from the hard
840
drive, and communicate with the server. To safeguard against
841
this, the server is supposed to notice the client disappearing
842
and stop giving out the encrypted data. Therefore, it is
843
important to set the timeout and checker interval values tightly
844
on the server. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle
458
845
>mandos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
461
848
It will also help if the checker program on the server is
462
849
configured to request something from the client which can not be
463
spoofed by someone else on the network, unlike unencrypted
464
<acronym>ICMP</acronym> echo (<quote>ping</quote>) replies.
850
spoofed by someone else on the network, like SSH server key
851
fingerprints, and unlike unencrypted <acronym>ICMP</acronym>
852
echo (<quote>ping</quote>) replies.
467
855
<emphasis>Note</emphasis>: This makes it completely insecure to