1
1
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2
2
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3
3
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4
<!ENTITY VERSION "1.0">
4
5
<!ENTITY COMMANDNAME "mandos">
5
<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2016-03-05">
6
<!ENTITY % common SYSTEM "common.ent">
6
<!ENTITY OVERVIEW SYSTEM "overview.xml">
10
<refentry xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
12
<title>Mandos Manual</title>
11
<title>&COMMANDNAME;</title>
13
12
<!-- NWalsh’s docbook scripts use this to generate the footer: -->
14
<productname>Mandos</productname>
15
<productnumber>&version;</productnumber>
16
<date>&TIMESTAMP;</date>
13
<productname>&COMMANDNAME;</productname>
14
<productnumber>&VERSION;</productnumber>
19
17
<firstname>Björn</firstname>
20
18
<surname>Påhlsson</surname>
22
<email>belorn@recompile.se</email>
20
<email>belorn@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
26
24
<firstname>Teddy</firstname>
27
25
<surname>Hogeborn</surname>
29
<email>teddy@recompile.se</email>
27
<email>teddy@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
43
33
<holder>Teddy Hogeborn</holder>
44
34
<holder>Björn Påhlsson</holder>
46
<xi:include href="legalnotice.xml"/>
38
This manual page is free software: you can redistribute it
39
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
40
License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
41
either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
46
This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will
47
be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
48
implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
49
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
54
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
55
License along with this program; If not, see
56
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/"/>.
50
62
<refentrytitle>&COMMANDNAME;</refentrytitle>
51
63
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
55
67
<refname><command>&COMMANDNAME;</command></refname>
57
Gives encrypted passwords to authenticated Mandos clients
69
Sends encrypted passwords to authenticated Mandos clients
63
75
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
65
<arg choice="plain"><option>--interface
66
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
67
<arg choice="plain"><option>-i
68
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
72
<arg choice="plain"><option>--address
73
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></arg>
74
<arg choice="plain"><option>-a
75
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></arg>
79
<arg choice="plain"><option>--port
80
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
81
<arg choice="plain"><option>-p
82
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
85
<arg><option>--priority
86
<replaceable>PRIORITY</replaceable></option></arg>
88
<arg><option>--servicename
89
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
91
<arg><option>--configdir
92
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
94
<arg><option>--debug</option></arg>
96
<arg><option>--debuglevel
97
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></arg>
99
<arg><option>--no-dbus</option></arg>
101
<arg><option>--no-ipv6</option></arg>
103
<arg><option>--no-restore</option></arg>
105
<arg><option>--statedir
106
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
108
<arg><option>--socket
109
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></arg>
111
<arg><option>--foreground</option></arg>
113
<arg><option>--no-zeroconf</option></arg>
116
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
118
<arg choice="plain"><option>--help</option></arg>
119
<arg choice="plain"><option>-h</option></arg>
123
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
124
<arg choice="plain"><option>--version</option></arg>
127
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
128
<arg choice="plain"><option>--check</option></arg>
76
<arg choice="opt">--interface<arg choice="plain">IF</arg></arg>
77
<arg choice="opt">--address<arg choice="plain">ADDRESS</arg></arg>
78
<arg choice="opt">--port<arg choice="plain">PORT</arg></arg>
79
<arg choice="opt">--priority<arg choice="plain">PRIORITY</arg></arg>
80
<arg choice="opt">--servicename<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>
81
<arg choice="opt">--configdir<arg choice="plain">DIRECTORY</arg></arg>
82
<arg choice="opt">--debug</arg>
85
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
86
<arg choice="opt">-i<arg choice="plain">IF</arg></arg>
87
<arg choice="opt">-a<arg choice="plain">ADDRESS</arg></arg>
88
<arg choice="opt">-p<arg choice="plain">PORT</arg></arg>
89
<arg choice="opt">--priority<arg choice="plain">PRIORITY</arg></arg>
90
<arg choice="opt">--servicename<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>
91
<arg choice="opt">--configdir<arg choice="plain">DIRECTORY</arg></arg>
92
<arg choice="opt">--debug</arg>
95
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
96
<arg choice="plain">--help</arg>
99
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
100
<arg choice="plain">--version</arg>
103
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
104
<arg choice="plain">--check</arg>
130
106
</refsynopsisdiv>
132
108
<refsect1 id="description">
133
109
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
135
111
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a server daemon which
136
112
handles incoming request for passwords for a pre-defined list of
137
client host computers. For an introduction, see
138
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
139
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The Mandos server
140
uses Zeroconf to announce itself on the local network, and uses
141
TLS to communicate securely with and to authenticate the
142
clients. The Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to
143
use IPv6 link-local addresses, since the clients will probably
144
not have any other addresses configured (see <xref
145
linkend="overview"/>). Any authenticated client is then given
146
the stored pre-encrypted password for that specific client.
113
client host computers. The Mandos server uses Zeroconf to
114
announce itself on the local network, and uses TLS to
115
communicate securely with and to authenticate the clients. The
116
Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to use IPv6
117
link-local addresses, since the clients will probably not have
118
any other addresses configured (see <xref linkend="overview"/>).
119
Any authenticated client is then given the stored pre-encrypted
120
password for that specific client.
150
125
<refsect1 id="purpose">
151
126
<title>PURPOSE</title>
153
129
The purpose of this is to enable <emphasis>remote and unattended
154
130
rebooting</emphasis> of client host computer with an
155
131
<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. See <xref
156
132
linkend="overview"/> for details.
160
137
<refsect1 id="options">
161
138
<title>OPTIONS</title>
164
<term><option>--help</option></term>
165
<term><option>-h</option></term>
142
<term><literal>-h</literal>, <literal>--help</literal></term>
168
145
Show a help message and exit
174
<term><option>--interface</option>
175
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
176
<term><option>-i</option>
177
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
179
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="interface"/>
184
<term><option>--address
185
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
187
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
189
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="address"/>
195
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
197
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
199
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="port"/>
204
<term><option>--check</option></term>
151
<term><literal>-i</literal>, <literal>--interface <replaceable>
152
IF</replaceable></literal></term>
155
Only announce the server and listen to requests on network
156
interface <replaceable>IF</replaceable>. Default is to
157
use all available interfaces.
163
<term><literal>-a</literal>, <literal>--address <replaceable>
164
ADDRESS</replaceable></literal></term>
167
If this option is used, the server will only listen to a
168
specific address. This must currently be an IPv6 address;
169
an IPv4 address can be specified using the
170
<quote><literal>::FFFF:192.0.2.3</literal></quote> syntax.
171
Also, if a link-local address is specified, an interface
172
should be set, since a link-local address is only valid on
173
a single interface. By default, the server will listen to
174
all available addresses.
180
<term><literal>-p</literal>, <literal>--port <replaceable>
181
PORT</replaceable></literal></term>
184
If this option is used, the server to bind to that
185
port. By default, the server will listen to an arbitrary
186
port given by the operating system.
192
<term><literal>--check</literal></term>
207
195
Run the server’s self-tests. This includes any unit
214
<term><option>--debug</option></term>
216
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="debug"/>
221
<term><option>--debuglevel
222
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></term>
225
Set the debugging log level.
226
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is a string, one of
227
<quote><literal>CRITICAL</literal></quote>,
228
<quote><literal>ERROR</literal></quote>,
229
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>,
230
<quote><literal>INFO</literal></quote>, or
231
<quote><literal>DEBUG</literal></quote>, in order of
232
increasing verbosity. The default level is
233
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>.
239
<term><option>--priority <replaceable>
240
PRIORITY</replaceable></option></term>
242
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="priority"/>
247
<term><option>--servicename
248
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
250
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
251
xpointer="servicename"/>
256
<term><option>--configdir
257
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
202
<term><literal>--debug</literal></term>
205
If the server is run in debug mode, it will run in the
206
foreground and print a lot of debugging information. The
207
default is <emphasis>not</emphasis> to run in debug mode.
213
<term><literal>--priority <replaceable>
214
PRIORITY</replaceable></literal></term>
217
GnuTLS priority string for the TLS handshake with the
218
clients. The default is
219
<quote><literal>SECURE256:!CTYPE-X.509:+CTYPE-OPENPGP</literal></quote>.
220
See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gnutls_priority_init
221
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
222
for the syntax. <emphasis>Warning</emphasis>: changing
223
this may make the TLS handshake fail, making communication
224
with clients impossible.
230
<term><literal>--servicename <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>
234
Zeroconf service name. The default is
235
<quote><literal>Mandos</literal></quote>. You only need
236
to change this if you for some reason want to run more
237
than one server on the same <emphasis>host</emphasis>,
238
which would not normally be useful. If there are name
239
collisions on the same <emphasis>network</emphasis>, the
240
newer server will automatically rename itself to
241
<quote><literal>Mandos #2</literal></quote>, and so on;
242
therefore, this option is not needed in that case.
248
<term><literal>--configdir <replaceable>DIR</replaceable>
260
252
Directory to search for configuration files. Default is
271
<term><option>--version</option></term>
263
<term><literal>--version</literal></term>
274
266
Prints the program version and exit.
280
<term><option>--no-dbus</option></term>
282
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="dbus"/>
284
See also <xref linkend="dbus_interface"/>.
290
<term><option>--no-ipv6</option></term>
292
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="ipv6"/>
297
<term><option>--no-restore</option></term>
299
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="restore"/>
301
See also <xref linkend="persistent_state"/>.
307
<term><option>--statedir
308
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
310
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="statedir"/>
315
<term><option>--socket
316
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></term>
318
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="socket"/>
323
<term><option>--foreground</option></term>
325
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
326
xpointer="foreground"/>
331
<term><option>--no-zeroconf</option></term>
333
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="zeroconf"/>
340
273
<refsect1 id="overview">
341
274
<title>OVERVIEW</title>
342
<xi:include href="overview.xml"/>
344
277
This program is the server part. It is a normal server program
345
278
and will run in a normal system environment, not in an initial
346
<acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
279
RAM disk environment.
350
283
<refsect1 id="protocol">
351
284
<title>NETWORK PROTOCOL</title>
405
338
</tbody></tgroup></table>
408
341
<refsect1 id="checking">
409
342
<title>CHECKING</title>
411
344
The server will, by default, continually check that the clients
412
345
are still up. If a client has not been confirmed as being up
413
346
for some time, the client is assumed to be compromised and is no
414
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. (Manual
415
intervention is required to re-enable a client.) The timeout,
416
extended timeout, checker program, and interval between checks
417
can be configured both globally and per client; see
418
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
347
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. The timeout,
348
checker program, and interval between checks can be configured
349
both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
350
<refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
351
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry>
352
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
419
353
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
423
<refsect1 id="approval">
424
<title>APPROVAL</title>
426
The server can be configured to require manual approval for a
427
client before it is sent its secret. The delay to wait for such
428
approval and the default action (approve or deny) can be
429
configured both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
430
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
431
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. By default all clients
432
will be approved immediately without delay.
435
This can be used to deny a client its secret if not manually
436
approved within a specified time. It can also be used to make
437
the server delay before giving a client its secret, allowing
438
optional manual denying of this specific client.
443
357
<refsect1 id="logging">
444
358
<title>LOGGING</title>
446
The server will send log message with various severity levels to
447
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename>. With the
360
The server will send log messaged with various severity levels
361
to <filename>/dev/log</filename>. With the
448
362
<option>--debug</option> option, it will log even more messages,
449
363
and also show them on the console.
453
<refsect1 id="persistent_state">
454
<title>PERSISTENT STATE</title>
456
Client settings, initially read from
457
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, are persistent across
458
restarts, and run-time changes will override settings in
459
<filename>clients.conf</filename>. However, if a setting is
460
<emphasis>changed</emphasis> (or a client added, or removed) in
461
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, this will take precedence.
465
<refsect1 id="dbus_interface">
466
<title>D-BUS INTERFACE</title>
468
The server will by default provide a D-Bus system bus interface.
469
This interface will only be accessible by the root user or a
470
Mandos-specific user, if such a user exists. For documentation
471
of the D-Bus API, see the file <filename>DBUS-API</filename>.
475
367
<refsect1 id="exit_status">
476
368
<title>EXIT STATUS</title>
565
<term><filename>/bin/sh</filename></term>
568
This is used to start the configured checker command for
569
each client. See <citerefentry>
570
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
571
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.
578
424
<refsect1 id="bugs">
579
425
<title>BUGS</title>
581
427
This server might, on especially fatal errors, emit a Python
582
428
backtrace. This could be considered a feature.
585
There is no fine-grained control over logging and debug output.
588
This server does not check the expire time of clients’ OpenPGP
591
<xi:include href="bugs.xml"/>
594
<refsect1 id="example">
595
<title>EXAMPLE</title>
432
<refsect1 id="examples">
433
<title>EXAMPLES</title>
596
434
<informalexample>
598
436
Normal invocation needs no options:
601
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME;</userinput>
439
<userinput>mandos</userinput>
603
441
</informalexample>
604
442
<informalexample>
606
444
Run the server in debug mode, read configuration files from
607
the <filename class="directory">~/mandos</filename> directory,
608
and use the Zeroconf service name <quote>Test</quote> to not
609
collide with any other official Mandos server on this host:
445
the <filename>~/mandos</filename> directory, and use the
446
Zeroconf service name <quote>Test</quote> to not collide with
447
any other official Mandos server on this host:
613
451
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
614
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --configdir ~/mandos --servicename Test</userinput>
452
<userinput>mandos --debug --configdir ~/mandos --servicename Test</userinput>
617
455
</informalexample>
664
502
For more details on client-side security, see
665
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
503
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
666
504
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
671
509
<refsect1 id="see_also">
672
510
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
674
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
675
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
676
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
677
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
678
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
679
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
680
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
681
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
682
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle>
683
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
515
<refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
516
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum>
521
This is the actual program which talks to this server.
522
Note that it is normally not invoked directly, and is only
523
run in the initial RAM disk environment, and not on a
524
fully started system.
688
530
<ulink url="http://www.zeroconf.org/">Zeroconf</ulink>
722
RFC 4291: <citetitle>IP Version 6 Addressing
723
Architecture</citetitle>
565
<citation>RFC 4291: <citetitle>IP Version 6 Addressing
566
Architecture</citetitle>, section 2.5.6, Link-Local IPv6
567
Unicast Addresses</citation>
728
<term>Section 2.2: <citetitle>Text Representation of
729
Addresses</citetitle></term>
730
<listitem><para/></listitem>
733
<term>Section 2.5.5.2: <citetitle>IPv4-Mapped IPv6
734
Address</citetitle></term>
735
<listitem><para/></listitem>
738
<term>Section 2.5.6, <citetitle>Link-Local IPv6 Unicast
739
Addresses</citetitle></term>
742
The clients use IPv6 link-local addresses, which are
743
immediately usable since a link-local addresses is
744
automatically assigned to a network interfaces when it
571
The clients use IPv6 link-local addresses, which are
572
immediately usable since a link-local addresses is
573
automatically assigned to a network interfaces when it is
754
RFC 5246: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
755
Protocol Version 1.2</citetitle>
580
<citation>RFC 4346: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security
581
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.1</citetitle></citation>
759
TLS 1.2 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
585
TLS 1.1 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
765
RFC 4880: <citetitle>OpenPGP Message Format</citetitle>
591
<citation>RFC 4880: <citetitle>OpenPGP Message
592
Format</citetitle></citation>