52
68
<refname><command>&COMMANDNAME;</command></refname>
54
Gives encrypted passwords to authenticated Mandos clients
70
Sends encrypted passwords to authenticated Mandos clients
60
76
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
62
<arg choice="plain"><option>--interface
63
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
64
<arg choice="plain"><option>-i
65
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
69
<arg choice="plain"><option>--address
70
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></arg>
71
<arg choice="plain"><option>-a
72
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></arg>
76
<arg choice="plain"><option>--port
77
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
78
<arg choice="plain"><option>-p
79
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
82
<arg><option>--priority
83
<replaceable>PRIORITY</replaceable></option></arg>
85
<arg><option>--servicename
86
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
88
<arg><option>--configdir
89
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
91
<arg><option>--debug</option></arg>
93
<arg><option>--debuglevel
94
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></arg>
96
<arg><option>--no-dbus</option></arg>
98
<arg><option>--no-ipv6</option></arg>
100
<arg><option>--no-restore</option></arg>
102
<arg><option>--statedir
103
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
105
<arg><option>--socket
106
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></arg>
108
<arg><option>--foreground</option></arg>
111
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
113
<arg choice="plain"><option>--help</option></arg>
114
<arg choice="plain"><option>-h</option></arg>
118
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
119
<arg choice="plain"><option>--version</option></arg>
122
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
123
<arg choice="plain"><option>--check</option></arg>
77
<arg choice='opt'>--interface<arg choice='plain'>IF</arg></arg>
78
<arg choice='opt'>--address<arg choice='plain'>ADDRESS</arg></arg>
79
<arg choice='opt'>--port<arg choice='plain'>PORT</arg></arg>
80
<arg choice='opt'>--priority<arg choice='plain'>PRIORITY</arg></arg>
81
<arg choice='opt'>--servicename<arg choice='plain'>NAME</arg></arg>
82
<arg choice='opt'>--configdir<arg choice='plain'>DIRECTORY</arg></arg>
83
<arg choice='opt'>--debug</arg>
86
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
87
<arg choice='opt'>-i<arg choice='plain'>IF</arg></arg>
88
<arg choice='opt'>-a<arg choice='plain'>ADDRESS</arg></arg>
89
<arg choice='opt'>-p<arg choice='plain'>PORT</arg></arg>
90
<arg choice='opt'>--priority<arg choice='plain'>PRIORITY</arg></arg>
91
<arg choice='opt'>--servicename<arg choice='plain'>NAME</arg></arg>
92
<arg choice='opt'>--configdir<arg choice='plain'>DIRECTORY</arg></arg>
93
<arg choice='opt'>--debug</arg>
96
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
97
<arg choice='plain'>--help</arg>
100
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
101
<arg choice='plain'>--version</arg>
104
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
105
<arg choice='plain'>--check</arg>
125
107
</refsynopsisdiv>
127
109
<refsect1 id="description">
128
110
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
130
112
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a server daemon which
131
113
handles incoming request for passwords for a pre-defined list of
132
client host computers. For an introduction, see
133
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
134
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The Mandos server
135
uses Zeroconf to announce itself on the local network, and uses
136
TLS to communicate securely with and to authenticate the
137
clients. The Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to
138
use IPv6 link-local addresses, since the clients will probably
139
not have any other addresses configured (see <xref
140
linkend="overview"/>). Any authenticated client is then given
141
the stored pre-encrypted password for that specific client.
114
client host computers. The Mandos server uses Zeroconf to
115
announce itself on the local network, and uses GnuTLS to
116
communicate securely with and to authenticate the clients.
117
Mandos uses IPv6 link-local addresses, since the clients are
118
assumed to not have any other addresses configured yet. Any
119
authenticated client is then given the pre-encrypted password
120
for that specific client.
145
125
<refsect1 id="purpose">
146
126
<title>PURPOSE</title>
148
129
The purpose of this is to enable <emphasis>remote and unattended
149
rebooting</emphasis> of client host computer with an
150
<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. See <xref
151
linkend="overview"/> for details.
130
rebooting</emphasis> of any client host computer with an
131
<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. The client
132
host computer should start a Mandos client in the initial RAM
133
disk environment, the Mandos client program communicates with
134
this server program to get an encrypted password, which is then
135
decrypted and used to unlock the encrypted root file system.
136
The client host computer can then continue its boot sequence
155
142
<refsect1 id="options">
156
143
<title>OPTIONS</title>
159
<term><option>--help</option></term>
160
<term><option>-h</option></term>
147
<term><literal>-h</literal>, <literal>--help</literal></term>
163
150
Show a help message and exit
169
<term><option>--interface</option>
170
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
171
<term><option>-i</option>
172
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
174
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="interface"/>
179
<term><option>--address
180
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
182
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
184
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="address"/>
190
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
192
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
194
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="port"/>
199
<term><option>--check</option></term>
202
Run the server’s self-tests. This includes any unit
156
<term><literal>-i</literal>, <literal>--interface <replaceable>
157
IF</replaceable></literal></term>
160
Only announce the server and listen to requests on network
161
interface <replaceable>IF</replaceable>. Default is to
162
use all available interfaces.
168
<term><literal>-a</literal>, <literal>--address <replaceable>
169
ADDRESS</replaceable></literal></term>
172
If this option is used, the server will only listen to a
173
specific address. This must currently be an IPv6 address;
174
an IPv4 address can be specified using the
175
"<literal>::FFFF:192.0.2.3</literal>" syntax. Also, if a
176
link-local address is specified, an interface should be
177
set, since a link-local address is only valid on a single
178
interface. By default, the server will listen to all
185
<term><literal>-p</literal>, <literal>--port <replaceable>
186
PORT</replaceable></literal></term>
189
If this option is used, the server to bind to that
190
port. By default, the server will listen to an arbitrary
191
port given by the operating system.
197
<term><literal>--check</literal></term>
200
Run the server's self-tests. This includes any unit
209
<term><option>--debug</option></term>
211
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="debug"/>
216
<term><option>--debuglevel
217
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></term>
220
Set the debugging log level.
221
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is a string, one of
222
<quote><literal>CRITICAL</literal></quote>,
223
<quote><literal>ERROR</literal></quote>,
224
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>,
225
<quote><literal>INFO</literal></quote>, or
226
<quote><literal>DEBUG</literal></quote>, in order of
227
increasing verbosity. The default level is
228
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>.
234
<term><option>--priority <replaceable>
235
PRIORITY</replaceable></option></term>
237
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
238
xpointer="priority_compat"/>
243
<term><option>--servicename
244
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
246
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
247
xpointer="servicename"/>
252
<term><option>--configdir
253
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
207
<term><literal>--debug</literal></term>
210
If the server is run in debug mode, it will run in the
211
foreground and print a lot of debugging information. The
212
default is <emphasis>not</emphasis> to run in debug mode.
218
<term><literal>--priority <replaceable>
219
PRIORITY</replaceable></literal></term>
222
GnuTLS priority string for the TLS handshake with the
224
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>gnutls_priority_init
225
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
226
for the syntax. The default is
227
"<literal>SECURE256:!CTYPE-X.509:+CTYPE-OPENPGP</literal>".
228
<emphasis>Warning</emphasis>: changing this may make the
229
TLS handshake fail, making communication with clients
236
<term><literal>--servicename <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>
240
Zeroconf service name. The default is
241
"<literal>Mandos</literal>". You only need to change this
242
if you for some reason want to run more than one server on
243
the same <emphasis>host</emphasis>. If there are name
244
collisions on the same <emphasis>network</emphasis>, the
245
new server will automatically rename itself to "Mandos
252
<term><literal>--configdir <replaceable>DIR</replaceable>
256
256
Directory to search for configuration files. Default is
257
<quote><literal>/etc/mandos</literal></quote>. See
258
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
257
"<literal>/etc/mandos</literal>". See <citerefentry>
258
<refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
259
259
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry>
260
260
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
261
261
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
267
<term><option>--version</option></term>
267
<term><literal>--version</literal></term>
270
270
Prints the program version and exit.
276
<term><option>--no-dbus</option></term>
278
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="dbus"/>
280
See also <xref linkend="dbus_interface"/>.
286
<term><option>--no-ipv6</option></term>
288
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="ipv6"/>
293
<term><option>--no-restore</option></term>
295
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="restore"/>
297
See also <xref linkend="persistent_state"/>.
303
<term><option>--statedir
304
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
306
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="statedir"/>
311
<term><option>--socket
312
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></term>
314
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="socket"/>
319
<term><option>--foreground</option></term>
321
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
322
xpointer="foreground"/>
329
<refsect1 id="overview">
330
<title>OVERVIEW</title>
331
<xi:include href="overview.xml"/>
333
This program is the server part. It is a normal server program
334
and will run in a normal system environment, not in an initial
335
<acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
339
277
<refsect1 id="protocol">
340
278
<title>NETWORK PROTOCOL</title>
342
280
The Mandos server announces itself as a Zeroconf service of type
343
<quote><literal>_mandos._tcp</literal></quote>. The Mandos
344
client connects to the announced address and port, and sends a
345
line of text where the first whitespace-separated field is the
346
protocol version, which currently is
347
<quote><literal>1</literal></quote>. The client and server then
348
start a TLS protocol handshake with a slight quirk: the Mandos
349
server program acts as a TLS <quote>client</quote> while the
350
connecting Mandos client acts as a TLS <quote>server</quote>.
351
The Mandos client must supply an OpenPGP certificate, and the
352
fingerprint of this certificate is used by the Mandos server to
353
look up (in a list read from <filename>clients.conf</filename>
354
at start time) which binary blob to give the client. No other
355
authentication or authorization is done by the server.
281
"<literal>_mandos._tcp</literal>". The Mandos client connects
282
to the announced address and port, and sends a line of text
283
where the first whitespace-separated field is the protocol
284
version, which currently is "<literal>1</literal>". The client
285
and server then start a TLS protocol handshake with a slight
286
quirk: the Mandos server program acts as a TLS "client" while
287
the connecting Mandos client acts as a TLS "server". The Mandos
288
client must supply an OpenPGP certificate, and the fingerprint
289
of this certificate is used by the Mandos server to look up (in
290
a list read from a file at start time) which binary blob to give
291
the client. No other authentication or authorization is done by
358
<title>Mandos Protocol (Version 1)</title><tgroup cols="3"><thead>
294
<informaltable><tgroup cols="3"><thead>
360
296
<entry>Mandos Client</entry>
361
297
<entry>Direction</entry>
386
320
<entry><-<!-- ← --></entry>
387
<entry>Binary blob (client will assume OpenPGP data)</entry>
321
<entry>Binary blob</entry>
391
325
<entry><-<!-- ← --></entry>
392
326
<entry>Close</entry>
394
</tbody></tgroup></table>
397
<refsect1 id="checking">
398
<title>CHECKING</title>
400
The server will, by default, continually check that the clients
401
are still up. If a client has not been confirmed as being up
402
for some time, the client is assumed to be compromised and is no
403
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. (Manual
404
intervention is required to re-enable a client.) The timeout,
405
extended timeout, checker program, and interval between checks
406
can be configured both globally and per client; see
407
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
408
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
412
<refsect1 id="approval">
413
<title>APPROVAL</title>
415
The server can be configured to require manual approval for a
416
client before it is sent its secret. The delay to wait for such
417
approval and the default action (approve or deny) can be
418
configured both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
419
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
420
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. By default all clients
421
will be approved immediately without delay.
424
This can be used to deny a client its secret if not manually
425
approved within a specified time. It can also be used to make
426
the server delay before giving a client its secret, allowing
427
optional manual denying of this specific client.
328
</tbody></tgroup></informaltable>
432
331
<refsect1 id="logging">
433
332
<title>LOGGING</title>
435
The server will send log message with various severity levels to
436
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename>. With the
334
The server will log a lot of information with various severity
336
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>syslog</refentrytitle>
337
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>. With the
437
338
<option>--debug</option> option, it will log even more messages,
438
339
and also show them on the console.
442
<refsect1 id="persistent_state">
443
<title>PERSISTENT STATE</title>
445
Client settings, initially read from
446
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, are persistent across
447
restarts, and run-time changes will override settings in
448
<filename>clients.conf</filename>. However, if a setting is
449
<emphasis>changed</emphasis> (or a client added, or removed) in
450
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, this will take precedence.
454
<refsect1 id="dbus_interface">
455
<title>D-BUS INTERFACE</title>
457
The server will by default provide a D-Bus system bus interface.
458
This interface will only be accessible by the root user or a
459
Mandos-specific user, if such a user exists. For documentation
460
of the D-Bus API, see the file <filename>DBUS-API</filename>.
464
343
<refsect1 id="exit_status">
465
344
<title>EXIT STATUS</title>
468
347
critical error is encountered.
472
<refsect1 id="environment">
473
<title>ENVIRONMENT</title>
476
<term><envar>PATH</envar></term>
479
To start the configured checker (see <xref
480
linkend="checking"/>), the server uses
481
<filename>/bin/sh</filename>, which in turn uses
482
<varname>PATH</varname> to search for matching commands if
483
an absolute path is not given. See <citerefentry>
484
<refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
492
<refsect1 id="files">
493
352
<title>FILES</title>
495
Use the <option>--configdir</option> option to change where
496
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> looks for its configurations
497
files. The default file names are listed here.
356
<filename>/etc/mandos/mandos.conf</filename> See <citerefentry>
357
<refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
358
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
361
<filename>/etc/mandos/clients.conf</filename> See <citerefentry>
362
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
363
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
366
<filename>/var/run/mandos/mandos.pid</filename>
501
<term><filename>/etc/mandos/mandos.conf</filename></term>
504
Server-global settings. See
505
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
506
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.
511
<term><filename>/etc/mandos/clients.conf</filename></term>
514
List of clients and client-specific settings. See
515
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
516
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.
521
<term><filename>/run/mandos.pid</filename></term>
524
The file containing the process id of the
525
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> process started last.
526
<emphasis >Note:</emphasis> If the <filename
527
class="directory">/run</filename> directory does not
528
exist, <filename>/var/run/mandos.pid</filename> will be
534
<term><filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename></term>
538
class="directory">/var/lib/mandos</filename></term>
541
Directory where persistent state will be saved. Change
542
this with the <option>--statedir</option> option. See
543
also the <option>--no-restore</option> option.
548
<term><filename>/dev/log</filename></term>
551
The Unix domain socket to where local syslog messages are
557
<term><filename>/bin/sh</filename></term>
560
This is used to start the configured checker command for
561
each client. See <citerefentry>
562
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
563
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.
570
372
<refsect1 id="bugs">
571
373
<title>BUGS</title>
573
This server might, on especially fatal errors, emit a Python
574
backtrace. This could be considered a feature.
577
There is no fine-grained control over logging and debug output.
580
This server does not check the expire time of clients’ OpenPGP
585
<refsect1 id="example">
586
<title>EXAMPLE</title>
589
Normal invocation needs no options:
592
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME;</userinput>
597
Run the server in debug mode, read configuration files from
598
the <filename class="directory">~/mandos</filename> directory,
599
and use the Zeroconf service name <quote>Test</quote> to not
600
collide with any other official Mandos server on this host:
604
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
605
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --configdir ~/mandos --servicename Test</userinput>
611
Run the server normally, but only listen to one interface and
612
only on the link-local address on that interface:
616
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
617
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --interface eth7 --address fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2</userinput>
378
<refsect1 id="examples">
379
<title>EXAMPLES</title>
623
384
<refsect1 id="security">
624
385
<title>SECURITY</title>
625
<refsect2 id="server">
626
<title>SERVER</title>
628
Running this <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> server program
629
should not in itself present any security risk to the host
630
computer running it. The program switches to a non-root user
634
<refsect2 id="clients">
635
<title>CLIENTS</title>
637
The server only gives out its stored data to clients which
638
does have the OpenPGP key of the stored fingerprint. This is
639
guaranteed by the fact that the client sends its OpenPGP
640
public key in the TLS handshake; this ensures it to be
641
genuine. The server computes the fingerprint of the key
642
itself and looks up the fingerprint in its list of
643
clients. The <filename>clients.conf</filename> file (see
644
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
645
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
646
<emphasis>must</emphasis> be made non-readable by anyone
647
except the user starting the server (usually root).
650
As detailed in <xref linkend="checking"/>, the status of all
651
client computers will continually be checked and be assumed
652
compromised if they are gone for too long.
655
For more details on client-side security, see
656
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
657
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
662
390
<refsect1 id="see_also">
663
391
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
665
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
666
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
667
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
668
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
669
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
670
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
671
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
672
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
673
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle>
674
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
679
<ulink url="http://www.zeroconf.org/">Zeroconf</ulink>
683
Zeroconf is the network protocol standard used by clients
684
for finding this Mandos server on the local network.
690
<ulink url="http://www.avahi.org/">Avahi</ulink>
694
Avahi is the library this server calls to implement
695
Zeroconf service announcements.
701
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/"
706
GnuTLS is the library this server uses to implement TLS for
707
communicating securely with the client, and at the same time
708
confidently get the client’s public OpenPGP key.
714
RFC 4291: <citetitle>IP Version 6 Addressing
715
Architecture</citetitle>
720
<term>Section 2.2: <citetitle>Text Representation of
721
Addresses</citetitle></term>
722
<listitem><para/></listitem>
725
<term>Section 2.5.5.2: <citetitle>IPv4-Mapped IPv6
726
Address</citetitle></term>
727
<listitem><para/></listitem>
730
<term>Section 2.5.6, <citetitle>Link-Local IPv6 Unicast
731
Addresses</citetitle></term>
734
The clients use IPv6 link-local addresses, which are
735
immediately usable since a link-local addresses is
736
automatically assigned to a network interfaces when it
746
RFC 4346: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
747
Protocol Version 1.1</citetitle>
751
TLS 1.1 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
757
RFC 4880: <citetitle>OpenPGP Message Format</citetitle>
761
The data sent to clients is binary encrypted OpenPGP data.
767
RFC 5081: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for Transport Layer
772
This is implemented by GnuTLS and used by this server so
773
that OpenPGP keys can be used.
392
<itemizedlist spacing="compact">
394
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
395
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>
399
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
400
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>
404
<ulink url="http://www.zeroconf.org/">Zeroconf</ulink>
408
<ulink url="http://www.avahi.org/">Avahi</ulink>
413
url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/">GnuTLS</ulink>
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<citation>RFC 4880: <citetitle>OpenPGP Message
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Format</citetitle></citation>
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<citation>RFC 5081: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for
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Transport Layer Security</citetitle></citation>
427
<citation>RFC 4291: <citetitle>IP Version 6 Addressing
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Architecture</citetitle>, section 2.5.6, Link-Local IPv6
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Unicast Addresses</citation>
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