1
1
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2
2
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3
3
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4
<!ENTITY VERSION "1.0">
5
4
<!ENTITY COMMANDNAME "mandos">
6
<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2008-08-30">
5
<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2019-02-10">
6
<!ENTITY % common SYSTEM "common.ent">
9
10
<refentry xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
11
12
<title>Mandos Manual</title>
12
13
<!-- NWalsh’s docbook scripts use this to generate the footer: -->
13
14
<productname>Mandos</productname>
14
<productnumber>&VERSION;</productnumber>
15
<productnumber>&version;</productnumber>
15
16
<date>&TIMESTAMP;</date>
18
19
<firstname>Björn</firstname>
19
20
<surname>Påhlsson</surname>
21
<email>belorn@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
22
<email>belorn@recompile.se</email>
25
26
<firstname>Teddy</firstname>
26
27
<surname>Hogeborn</surname>
28
<email>teddy@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
29
<email>teddy@recompile.se</email>
34
46
<holder>Teddy Hogeborn</holder>
35
47
<holder>Björn Påhlsson</holder>
39
This manual page is free software: you can redistribute it
40
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
41
License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
42
either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
47
This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will
48
be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
49
implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
50
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
55
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
56
License along with this program; If not, see
57
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/"/>.
49
<xi:include href="legalnotice.xml"/>
63
53
<refentrytitle>&COMMANDNAME;</refentrytitle>
64
54
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
70
60
Gives encrypted passwords to authenticated Mandos clients
76
66
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
77
<arg>--interface<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>
78
<arg>--address<arg choice="plain">ADDRESS</arg></arg>
79
<arg>--port<arg choice="plain">PORT</arg></arg>
80
<arg>--priority<arg choice="plain">PRIORITY</arg></arg>
81
<arg>--servicename<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>
82
<arg>--configdir<arg choice="plain">DIRECTORY</arg></arg>
86
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
87
<arg>-i<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>
88
<arg>-a<arg choice="plain">ADDRESS</arg></arg>
89
<arg>-p<arg choice="plain">PORT</arg></arg>
90
<arg>--priority<arg choice="plain">PRIORITY</arg></arg>
91
<arg>--servicename<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>
92
<arg>--configdir<arg choice="plain">DIRECTORY</arg></arg>
68
<arg choice="plain"><option>--interface
69
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
70
<arg choice="plain"><option>-i
71
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
75
<arg choice="plain"><option>--address
76
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></arg>
77
<arg choice="plain"><option>-a
78
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></arg>
82
<arg choice="plain"><option>--port
83
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
84
<arg choice="plain"><option>-p
85
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
88
<arg><option>--priority
89
<replaceable>PRIORITY</replaceable></option></arg>
91
<arg><option>--servicename
92
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
94
<arg><option>--configdir
95
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
97
<arg><option>--debug</option></arg>
99
<arg><option>--debuglevel
100
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></arg>
102
<arg><option>--no-dbus</option></arg>
104
<arg><option>--no-ipv6</option></arg>
106
<arg><option>--no-restore</option></arg>
108
<arg><option>--statedir
109
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
111
<arg><option>--socket
112
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></arg>
114
<arg><option>--foreground</option></arg>
116
<arg><option>--no-zeroconf</option></arg>
96
119
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
97
120
<group choice="req">
98
<arg choice="plain">-h</arg>
99
<arg choice="plain">--help</arg>
121
<arg choice="plain"><option>--help</option></arg>
122
<arg choice="plain"><option>-h</option></arg>
103
126
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
104
<arg choice="plain">--version</arg>
127
<arg choice="plain"><option>--version</option></arg>
107
130
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
108
<arg choice="plain">--check</arg>
131
<arg choice="plain"><option>--check</option></arg>
110
133
</refsynopsisdiv>
112
135
<refsect1 id="description">
113
136
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
115
138
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a server daemon which
116
139
handles incoming request for passwords for a pre-defined list of
117
client host computers. The Mandos server uses Zeroconf to
118
announce itself on the local network, and uses TLS to
119
communicate securely with and to authenticate the clients. The
120
Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to use IPv6
121
link-local addresses, since the clients will probably not have
122
any other addresses configured (see <xref linkend="overview"/>).
123
Any authenticated client is then given the stored pre-encrypted
124
password for that specific client.
140
client host computers. For an introduction, see
141
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
142
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The Mandos server
143
uses Zeroconf to announce itself on the local network, and uses
144
TLS to communicate securely with and to authenticate the
145
clients. The Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to
146
use IPv6 link-local addresses, since the clients will probably
147
not have any other addresses configured (see <xref
148
linkend="overview"/>). Any authenticated client is then given
149
the stored pre-encrypted password for that specific client.
129
153
<refsect1 id="purpose">
130
154
<title>PURPOSE</title>
133
156
The purpose of this is to enable <emphasis>remote and unattended
134
157
rebooting</emphasis> of client host computer with an
135
158
<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. See <xref
136
159
linkend="overview"/> for details.
141
163
<refsect1 id="options">
142
164
<title>OPTIONS</title>
167
<term><option>--help</option></term>
146
168
<term><option>-h</option></term>
147
<term><option>--help</option></term>
150
171
Show a help message and exit
177
<term><option>--interface</option>
178
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
156
179
<term><option>-i</option>
157
180
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
158
<term><option>--interface</option>
159
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
161
182
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="interface"/>
166
<term><literal>-a</literal>, <literal>--address <replaceable>
167
ADDRESS</replaceable></literal></term>
187
<term><option>--address
188
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
190
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
169
192
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="address"/>
174
<term><literal>-p</literal>, <literal>--port <replaceable>
175
PORT</replaceable></literal></term>
198
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
200
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
177
202
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="port"/>
182
<term><literal>--check</literal></term>
207
<term><option>--check</option></term>
185
210
Run the server’s self-tests. This includes any unit
192
<term><literal>--debug</literal></term>
217
<term><option>--debug</option></term>
194
219
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="debug"/>
199
<term><literal>--priority <replaceable>
200
PRIORITY</replaceable></literal></term>
224
<term><option>--debuglevel
225
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></term>
228
Set the debugging log level.
229
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is a string, one of
230
<quote><literal>CRITICAL</literal></quote>,
231
<quote><literal>ERROR</literal></quote>,
232
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>,
233
<quote><literal>INFO</literal></quote>, or
234
<quote><literal>DEBUG</literal></quote>, in order of
235
increasing verbosity. The default level is
236
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>.
242
<term><option>--priority <replaceable>
243
PRIORITY</replaceable></option></term>
202
245
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="priority"/>
207
<term><literal>--servicename <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>
250
<term><option>--servicename
251
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
210
253
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
211
254
xpointer="servicename"/>
216
<term><literal>--configdir <replaceable>DIR</replaceable>
259
<term><option>--configdir
260
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
220
263
Directory to search for configuration files. Default is
231
<term><literal>--version</literal></term>
274
<term><option>--version</option></term>
234
277
Prints the program version and exit.
283
<term><option>--no-dbus</option></term>
285
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="dbus"/>
287
See also <xref linkend="dbus_interface"/>.
293
<term><option>--no-ipv6</option></term>
295
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="ipv6"/>
300
<term><option>--no-restore</option></term>
302
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="restore"/>
304
See also <xref linkend="persistent_state"/>.
310
<term><option>--statedir
311
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
313
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="statedir"/>
318
<term><option>--socket
319
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></term>
321
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="socket"/>
326
<term><option>--foreground</option></term>
328
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
329
xpointer="foreground"/>
334
<term><option>--no-zeroconf</option></term>
336
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="zeroconf"/>
241
343
<refsect1 id="overview">
242
344
<title>OVERVIEW</title>
243
345
<xi:include href="overview.xml"/>
245
347
This program is the server part. It is a normal server program
246
348
and will run in a normal system environment, not in an initial
247
RAM disk environment.
349
<acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
251
353
<refsect1 id="protocol">
252
354
<title>NETWORK PROTOCOL</title>
306
408
</tbody></tgroup></table>
309
411
<refsect1 id="checking">
310
412
<title>CHECKING</title>
312
414
The server will, by default, continually check that the clients
313
415
are still up. If a client has not been confirmed as being up
314
416
for some time, the client is assumed to be compromised and is no
315
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. The timeout,
316
checker program, and interval between checks can be configured
317
both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
417
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. (Manual
418
intervention is required to re-enable a client.) The timeout,
419
extended timeout, checker program, and interval between checks
420
can be configured both globally and per client; see
421
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
422
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
426
<refsect1 id="approval">
427
<title>APPROVAL</title>
429
The server can be configured to require manual approval for a
430
client before it is sent its secret. The delay to wait for such
431
approval and the default action (approve or deny) can be
432
configured both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
318
433
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
319
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
434
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. By default all clients
435
will be approved immediately without delay.
438
This can be used to deny a client its secret if not manually
439
approved within a specified time. It can also be used to make
440
the server delay before giving a client its secret, allowing
441
optional manual denying of this specific client.
323
446
<refsect1 id="logging">
324
447
<title>LOGGING</title>
326
449
The server will send log message with various severity levels to
327
<filename>/dev/log</filename>. With the
450
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename>. With the
328
451
<option>--debug</option> option, it will log even more messages,
329
452
and also show them on the console.
456
<refsect1 id="persistent_state">
457
<title>PERSISTENT STATE</title>
459
Client settings, initially read from
460
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, are persistent across
461
restarts, and run-time changes will override settings in
462
<filename>clients.conf</filename>. However, if a setting is
463
<emphasis>changed</emphasis> (or a client added, or removed) in
464
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, this will take precedence.
468
<refsect1 id="dbus_interface">
469
<title>D-BUS INTERFACE</title>
471
The server will by default provide a D-Bus system bus interface.
472
This interface will only be accessible by the root user or a
473
Mandos-specific user, if such a user exists. For documentation
474
of the D-Bus API, see the file <filename>DBUS-API</filename>.
333
478
<refsect1 id="exit_status">
334
479
<title>EXIT STATUS</title>
484
628
</informalexample>
487
631
<refsect1 id="security">
488
632
<title>SECURITY</title>
489
<refsect2 id="SERVER">
633
<refsect2 id="server">
490
634
<title>SERVER</title>
492
636
Running this <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> server program
493
637
should not in itself present any security risk to the host
494
computer running it. The program does not need any special
495
privileges to run, and is designed to run as a non-root user.
638
computer running it. The program switches to a non-root user
498
<refsect2 id="CLIENTS">
642
<refsect2 id="clients">
499
643
<title>CLIENTS</title>
501
645
The server only gives out its stored data to clients which
502
does have the OpenPGP key of the stored fingerprint. This is
503
guaranteed by the fact that the client sends its OpenPGP
504
public key in the TLS handshake; this ensures it to be
505
genuine. The server computes the fingerprint of the key
506
itself and looks up the fingerprint in its list of
507
clients. The <filename>clients.conf</filename> file (see
646
does have the correct key ID of the stored key ID. This is
647
guaranteed by the fact that the client sends its public key in
648
the TLS handshake; this ensures it to be genuine. The server
649
computes the key ID of the key itself and looks up the key ID
650
in its list of clients. The <filename>clients.conf</filename>
508
652
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
509
653
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
510
654
<emphasis>must</emphasis> be made non-readable by anyone
511
except the user running the server.
655
except the user starting the server (usually root).
514
658
As detailed in <xref linkend="checking"/>, the status of all
516
660
compromised if they are gone for too long.
519
If a client is compromised, its downtime should be duly noted
520
by the server which would therefore declare the client
521
invalid. But if the server was ever restarted, it would
522
re-read its client list from its configuration file and again
523
regard all clients therein as valid, and hence eligible to
524
receive their passwords. Therefore, be careful when
525
restarting servers if it is suspected that a client has, in
526
fact, been compromised by parties who may now be running a
527
fake Mandos client with the keys from the non-encrypted
528
initial RAM image of the client host. What should be done in
529
that case (if restarting the server program really is
530
necessary) is to stop the server program, edit the
531
configuration file to omit any suspect clients, and restart
535
663
For more details on client-side security, see
536
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
664
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
537
665
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
542
670
<refsect1 id="see_also">
543
671
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
546
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
547
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
548
<refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
549
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
550
<refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
551
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
552
<refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
673
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
674
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
675
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
676
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
677
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
678
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
679
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
680
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
681
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle>
682
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>