2
2
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3
3
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4
4
<!ENTITY COMMANDNAME "mandos">
5
<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2010-09-25">
5
<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2025-06-27">
6
6
<!ENTITY % common SYSTEM "common.ent">
19
19
<firstname>Björn</firstname>
20
20
<surname>Påhlsson</surname>
22
<email>belorn@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
22
<email>belorn@recompile.se</email>
26
26
<firstname>Teddy</firstname>
27
27
<surname>Hogeborn</surname>
29
<email>teddy@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
29
<email>teddy@recompile.se</email>
36
49
<holder>Teddy Hogeborn</holder>
37
50
<holder>Björn Påhlsson</holder>
87
100
<arg><option>--debug</option></arg>
102
<arg><option>--debuglevel
103
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></arg>
89
105
<arg><option>--no-dbus</option></arg>
91
107
<arg><option>--no-ipv6</option></arg>
109
<arg><option>--no-restore</option></arg>
111
<arg><option>--statedir
112
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
114
<arg><option>--socket
115
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></arg>
117
<arg><option>--foreground</option></arg>
119
<arg><option>--no-zeroconf</option></arg>
94
122
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
111
139
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
113
141
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a server daemon which
114
handles incoming request for passwords for a pre-defined list of
115
client host computers. The Mandos server uses Zeroconf to
116
announce itself on the local network, and uses TLS to
117
communicate securely with and to authenticate the clients. The
118
Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to use IPv6
119
link-local addresses, since the clients will probably not have
120
any other addresses configured (see <xref linkend="overview"/>).
121
Any authenticated client is then given the stored pre-encrypted
122
password for that specific client.
142
handles incoming requests for passwords for a pre-defined list
143
of client host computers. For an introduction, see
144
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
145
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The Mandos server
146
uses Zeroconf to announce itself on the local network, and uses
147
TLS to communicate securely with and to authenticate the
148
clients. The Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to
149
use IPv6 link-local addresses, since the clients will probably
150
not have any other addresses configured (see <xref
151
linkend="overview"/>). Any authenticated client is then given
152
the stored pre-encrypted password for that specific client.
227
<term><option>--debuglevel
228
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></term>
231
Set the debugging log level.
232
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is a string, one of
233
<quote><literal>CRITICAL</literal></quote>,
234
<quote><literal>ERROR</literal></quote>,
235
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>,
236
<quote><literal>INFO</literal></quote>, or
237
<quote><literal>DEBUG</literal></quote>, in order of
238
increasing verbosity. The default level is
239
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>.
197
245
<term><option>--priority <replaceable>
198
246
PRIORITY</replaceable></option></term>
250
298
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="ipv6"/>
303
<term><option>--no-restore</option></term>
305
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="restore"/>
307
See also <xref linkend="persistent_state"/>.
313
<term><option>--statedir
314
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
316
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="statedir"/>
321
<term><option>--socket
322
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></term>
324
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="socket"/>
329
<term><option>--foreground</option></term>
331
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
332
xpointer="foreground"/>
337
<term><option>--no-zeroconf</option></term>
339
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="zeroconf"/>
275
365
start a TLS protocol handshake with a slight quirk: the Mandos
276
366
server program acts as a TLS <quote>client</quote> while the
277
367
connecting Mandos client acts as a TLS <quote>server</quote>.
278
The Mandos client must supply an OpenPGP certificate, and the
279
fingerprint of this certificate is used by the Mandos server to
280
look up (in a list read from <filename>clients.conf</filename>
281
at start time) which binary blob to give the client. No other
282
authentication or authorization is done by the server.
368
The Mandos client must supply a TLS public key, and the key ID
369
of this public key is used by the Mandos server to look up (in a
370
list read from <filename>clients.conf</filename> at start time)
371
which binary blob to give the client. No other authentication
372
or authorization is done by the server.
285
375
<title>Mandos Protocol (Version 1)</title><tgroup cols="3"><thead>
329
419
for some time, the client is assumed to be compromised and is no
330
420
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. (Manual
331
421
intervention is required to re-enable a client.) The timeout,
332
checker program, and interval between checks can be configured
333
both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
334
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
335
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. A client successfully
336
receiving its password will also be treated as a successful
422
extended timeout, checker program, and interval between checks
423
can be configured both globally and per client; see
424
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
425
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
362
450
<title>LOGGING</title>
364
452
The server will send log message with various severity levels to
365
<filename>/dev/log</filename>. With the
453
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename>. With the
366
454
<option>--debug</option> option, it will log even more messages,
367
455
and also show them on the console.
459
<refsect1 id="persistent_state">
460
<title>PERSISTENT STATE</title>
462
Client settings, initially read from
463
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, are persistent across
464
restarts, and run-time changes will override settings in
465
<filename>clients.conf</filename>. However, if a setting is
466
<emphasis>changed</emphasis> (or a client added, or removed) in
467
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, this will take precedence.
371
471
<refsect1 id="dbus_interface">
372
472
<title>D-BUS INTERFACE</title>
438
<term><filename>/var/run/mandos.pid</filename></term>
538
<term><filename>/run/mandos.pid</filename></term>
441
541
The file containing the process id of the
442
542
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> process started last.
447
<term><filename>/dev/log</filename></term>
543
<emphasis >Note:</emphasis> If the <filename
544
class="directory">/run</filename> directory does not
545
exist, <filename>/var/run/mandos.pid</filename> will be
552
class="directory">/var/lib/mandos</filename></term>
555
Directory where persistent state will be saved. Change
556
this with the <option>--statedir</option> option. See
557
also the <option>--no-restore</option> option.
562
<term><filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename></term>
450
565
The Unix domain socket to where local syslog messages are
473
588
backtrace. This could be considered a feature.
476
Currently, if a client is disabled due to having timed out, the
477
server does not record this fact onto permanent storage. This
478
has some security implications, see <xref linkend="clients"/>.
481
591
There is no fine-grained control over logging and debug output.
484
Debug mode is conflated with running in the foreground.
487
The console log messages do not show a time stamp.
490
This server does not check the expire time of clients’ OpenPGP
593
<xi:include href="bugs.xml"/>
495
596
<refsect1 id="example">
505
606
<informalexample>
507
608
Run the server in debug mode, read configuration files from
508
the <filename>~/mandos</filename> directory, and use the
509
Zeroconf service name <quote>Test</quote> to not collide with
510
any other official Mandos server on this host:
609
the <filename class="directory">~/mandos</filename> directory,
610
and use the Zeroconf service name <quote>Test</quote> to not
611
collide with any other official Mandos server on this host:
545
646
<title>CLIENTS</title>
547
648
The server only gives out its stored data to clients which
548
does have the OpenPGP key of the stored fingerprint. This is
549
guaranteed by the fact that the client sends its OpenPGP
550
public key in the TLS handshake; this ensures it to be
551
genuine. The server computes the fingerprint of the key
552
itself and looks up the fingerprint in its list of
553
clients. The <filename>clients.conf</filename> file (see
649
does have the correct key ID of the stored key ID. This is
650
guaranteed by the fact that the client sends its public key in
651
the TLS handshake; this ensures it to be genuine. The server
652
computes the key ID of the key itself and looks up the key ID
653
in its list of clients. The <filename>clients.conf</filename>
554
655
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
555
656
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
556
657
<emphasis>must</emphasis> be made non-readable by anyone
562
663
compromised if they are gone for too long.
565
If a client is compromised, its downtime should be duly noted
566
by the server which would therefore disable the client. But
567
if the server was ever restarted, it would re-read its client
568
list from its configuration file and again regard all clients
569
therein as enabled, and hence eligible to receive their
570
passwords. Therefore, be careful when restarting servers if
571
it is suspected that a client has, in fact, been compromised
572
by parties who may now be running a fake Mandos client with
573
the keys from the non-encrypted initial <acronym>RAM</acronym>
574
image of the client host. What should be done in that case
575
(if restarting the server program really is necessary) is to
576
stop the server program, edit the configuration file to omit
577
any suspect clients, and restart the server program.
580
666
For more details on client-side security, see
581
667
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
582
668
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
587
673
<refsect1 id="see_also">
588
674
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
591
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
592
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
593
<refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
594
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
595
<refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
596
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
597
<refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
676
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
677
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
678
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
679
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
680
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
681
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
682
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
683
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
684
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle>
685
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
625
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/"
712
<ulink url="https://gnutls.org/">GnuTLS</ulink>
630
716
GnuTLS is the library this server uses to implement TLS for
631
717
communicating securely with the client, and at the same time
632
confidently get the client’s public OpenPGP key.
718
confidently get the client’s public key.
658
744
The clients use IPv6 link-local addresses, which are
659
immediately usable since a link-local addresses is
745
immediately usable since a link-local address is
660
746
automatically assigned to a network interfaces when it
670
RFC 4346: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
671
Protocol Version 1.1</citetitle>
756
RFC 5246: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
757
Protocol Version 1.2</citetitle>
675
TLS 1.1 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
761
TLS 1.2 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
691
RFC 5081: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for Transport Layer
696
This is implemented by GnuTLS and used by this server so
697
that OpenPGP keys can be used.
777
RFC 7250: <citetitle>Using Raw Public Keys in Transport
778
Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security
783
This is implemented by GnuTLS version 3.6.6 and is, if
784
present, used by this server so that raw public keys can be
791
RFC 6091: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for Transport Layer
792
Security (TLS) Authentication</citetitle>
796
This is implemented by GnuTLS before version 3.6.0 and is,
797
if present, used by this server so that OpenPGP keys can be