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- Committer: Teddy Hogeborn
- Date: 2024-09-09 04:24:39 UTC
- Revision ID: teddy@recompile.se-20240909042439-j85mr20uli2hnyis
Eliminate compiler warnings
Many programs use nested functions, which now result in a linker
warning about executable stack. Hide this warning. Also, rewrite a
loop in the plymouth plugin to avoid warning about signed overflow.
This change also makes the plugin pick the alphabetically first
process entry instead of the last, in case many plymouth processes are
found (which should be unlikely).
* Makefile (plugin-runner, dracut-module/password-agent,
plugins.d/password-prompt, plugins.d/mandos-client,
plugins.d/plymouth): New target; set LDFLAGS to add "-Xlinker
--no-warn-execstack".
* plugins.d/plymouth.c (get_pid): When no pid files are found, and we
are looking through the process list, go though it from the start
instead of from the end, i.e. in normal alphabetical order and not
in reverse order.
Many programs use nested functions, which now result in a linker
warning about executable stack. Hide this warning. Also, rewrite a
loop in the plymouth plugin to avoid warning about signed overflow.
This change also makes the plugin pick the alphabetically first
process entry instead of the last, in case many plymouth processes are
found (which should be unlikely).
* Makefile (plugin-runner, dracut-module/password-agent,
plugins.d/password-prompt, plugins.d/mandos-client,
plugins.d/plymouth): New target; set LDFLAGS to add "-Xlinker
--no-warn-execstack".
* plugins.d/plymouth.c (get_pid): When no pid files are found, and we
are looking through the process list, go though it from the start
instead of from the end, i.e. in normal alphabetical order and not
in reverse order.
- files added:
- bugs.xml
- debian/tests
- debian/upstream
- dracut-module
- plugin-helpers
- files removed:
- initramfs-tools-hook-conf
- files modified:
- .bzrignore
added
removed
plugins.d/mandos-client.xml
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY COMMANDNAME "mandos-client">
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<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2012-05-27">
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<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2023-10-21">
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<!ENTITY % common SYSTEM "../common.ent">
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%common;
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8
]>
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<copyright>
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<year>2008</year>
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<year>2009</year>
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<year>2010</year>
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<year>2011</year>
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<year>2012</year>
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<year>2013</year>
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<year>2014</year>
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<year>2015</year>
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<year>2016</year>
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<year>2017</year>
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<year>2018</year>
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<year>2019</year>
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<holder>Teddy Hogeborn</holder>
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<holder>Björn Påhlsson</holder>
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</copyright>
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><replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<group rep='repeat'>
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<arg choice="plain"><option>--interface
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<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><option>-i
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<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
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<replaceable>NAME</replaceable><arg rep='repeat'
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>,<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></arg></option></arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><option>-i <replaceable>NAME</replaceable
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><arg rep='repeat'>,<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></arg
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></option></arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain"><option>--tls-privkey
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<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><option>-t
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<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<group>
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<arg choice="plain"><option>--tls-pubkey
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<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><option>-T
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<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></arg>
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</group>
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<sbr/>
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<arg>
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<option>--priority <replaceable>STRING</replaceable></option>
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</arg>
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</arg>
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<sbr/>
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<arg>
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<option>--dh-params <replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option>
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</arg>
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<sbr/>
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<arg>
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<option>--delay <replaceable>SECONDS</replaceable></option>
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</arg>
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<sbr/>
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communicates with <citerefentry><refentrytitle
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>mandos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
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to get a password. In slightly more detail, this client program
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brings up a network interface, uses the interface’s IPv6
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link-local address to get network connectivity, uses Zeroconf to
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find servers on the local network, and communicates with servers
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using TLS with an OpenPGP key to ensure authenticity and
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confidentiality. This client program keeps running, trying all
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servers on the network, until it receives a satisfactory reply
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or a TERM signal. After all servers have been tried, all
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brings up network interfaces, uses the interfaces’ IPv6
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link-local addresses to get network connectivity, uses Zeroconf
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to find servers on the local network, and communicates with
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servers using TLS with a raw public key to ensure authenticity
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and confidentiality. This client program keeps running, trying
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all servers on the network, until it receives a satisfactory
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reply or a TERM signal. After all servers have been tried, all
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servers are periodically retried. If no servers are found it
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will wait indefinitely for new servers to appear.
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</para>
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<para>
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The network interface is selected like this: If an interface is
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specified using the <option>--interface</option> option, that
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interface is used. Otherwise, <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
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will choose any interface that is up and running and is not a
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loopback interface, is not a point-to-point interface, is
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capable of broadcasting and does not have the NOARP flag (see
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The network interfaces are selected like this: If any interfaces
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are specified using the <option>--interface</option> option,
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those interface are used. Otherwise,
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<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> will use all interfaces that
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are not loopback interfaces, are not point-to-point interfaces,
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are capable of broadcasting and do not have the NOARP flag (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>netdevice</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>). (If the
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<option>--connect</option> option is used, point-to-point
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interfaces and non-broadcast interfaces are accepted.) If no
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acceptable interfaces are found, re-run the check but without
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the <quote>up and running</quote> requirement, and manually take
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the selected interface up (and later take it down on program
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exit).
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interfaces and non-broadcast interfaces are accepted.) If any
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used interfaces are not up and running, they are first taken up
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(and later taken down again on program exit).
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</para>
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<para>
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Before a network interface is selected, all <quote>network
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Before network interfaces are selected, all <quote>network
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hooks</quote> are run; see <xref linkend="network-hooks"/>.
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</para>
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<para>
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This program is not meant to be run directly; it is really meant
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to run as a plugin of the <application>Mandos</application>
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which runs in the
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initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment because it is
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specified as a <quote>keyscript</quote> in the <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry> file.
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to be run by other programs in the initial
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<acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment; see <xref
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linkend="overview"/>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<title>OPTIONS</title>
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<para>
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This program is commonly not invoked from the command line; it
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is normally started by the <application>Mandos</application>
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plugin runner, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle
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>plugin-runner</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>. Any command line options this program accepts
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are therefore normally provided by the plugin runner, and not
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directly.
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is normally started by another program as described in <xref
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linkend="description"/>. Any command line options this program
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accepts are therefore normally provided by the invoking program,
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and not directly.
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</para>
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<variablelist>
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assumed to separate the address from the port number.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option is normally only useful for testing and
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debugging.
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Normally, Zeroconf would be used to locate Mandos servers,
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in which case this option would only be used when testing
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and debugging.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--interface=<replaceable
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>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
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>NAME</replaceable><arg rep='repeat'>,<replaceable
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>NAME</replaceable></arg></option></term>
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<term><option>-i
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<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
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<replaceable>NAME</replaceable><arg rep='repeat'>,<replaceable
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>NAME</replaceable></arg></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Network interface that will be brought up and scanned for
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Mandos servers to connect to. The default is the empty
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string, which will automatically choose an appropriate
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interface.
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Comma separated list of network interfaces that will be
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brought up and scanned for Mandos servers to connect to.
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The default is the empty string, which will automatically
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use all appropriate interfaces.
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</para>
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<para>
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If the <option>--connect</option> option is used, this
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specifies the interface to use to connect to the address
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given.
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If the <option>--connect</option> option is used, and
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exactly one interface name is specified (except
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<quote><literal>none</literal></quote>), this specifies
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the interface to use to connect to the address given.
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</para>
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<para>
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Note that since this program will normally run in the
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initial RAM disk environment, the interface must be an
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interface which exists at that stage. Thus, the interface
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can not be a pseudo-interface such as <quote>br0</quote>
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or <quote>tun0</quote>; such interfaces will not exist
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until much later in the boot process, and can not be used
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by this program, unless created by a <quote>network
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hook</quote> — see <xref linkend="network-hooks"/>.
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can normally not be a pseudo-interface such as
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<quote>br0</quote> or <quote>tun0</quote>; such interfaces
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will not exist until much later in the boot process, and
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can not be used by this program, unless created by a
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<quote>network hook</quote> — see <xref
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linkend="network-hooks"/>.
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</para>
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<para>
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<replaceable>NAME</replaceable> can be the string
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<quote><literal>none</literal></quote>; this will not use
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any specific interface, and will not bring up an interface
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on startup. This is not recommended, and only meant for
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advanced users.
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<quote><literal>none</literal></quote>; this will make
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<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> only bring up interfaces
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specified <emphasis>before</emphasis> this string. This
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is not recommended, and only meant for advanced users.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--tls-pubkey=<replaceable
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>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>-T
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<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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TLS raw public key file name. The default name is
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<quote><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/tls-pubkey.pem</filename
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></quote>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--tls-privkey=<replaceable
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>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>-t
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<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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TLS secret key file name. The default name is
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<quote><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/tls-privkey.pem</filename
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></quote>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--priority=<replaceable
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>STRING</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Sets the number of bits to use for the prime number in the
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TLS Diffie-Hellman key exchange. Default is 1024.
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TLS Diffie-Hellman key exchange. The default value is
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selected automatically based on the GnuTLS security
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profile set in its priority string. Note that if the
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<option>--dh-params</option> option is used, the values
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from that file will be used instead.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--dh-params=<replaceable
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>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies a PEM-encoded PKCS#3 file to read the parameters
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needed by the TLS Diffie-Hellman key exchange from. If
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this option is not given, or if the file for some reason
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could not be used, the parameters will be generated on
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startup, which will take some time and processing power.
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Those using servers running under time, power or processor
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constraints may want to generate such a file in advance
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and use this option.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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>SECONDS</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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After bringing the network interface up, the program waits
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After bringing a network interface up, the program waits
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for the interface to arrive in a <quote>running</quote>
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state before proceeding. During this time, the kernel log
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level will be lowered to reduce clutter on the system
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<title>OVERVIEW</title>
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<xi:include href="../overview.xml"/>
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<para>
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This program is the client part. It is a plugin started by
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry> which will run in
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an initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
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This program is the client part. It is run automatically in an
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initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
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</para>
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<para>
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In an initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment using
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>, this program is started
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by the <application>Mandos</application> <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>password-agent</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which in turn is
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started automatically by the <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry> <quote>Password Agent</quote> system.
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</para>
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<para>
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In the case of a non-<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry> environment, this program is started as a plugin
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of the <application>Mandos</application> <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which runs in the
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initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment because it is
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specified as a <quote>keyscript</quote> in the <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry> file.
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</para>
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<para>
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This program could, theoretically, be used as a keyscript in
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<filename>/etc/crypttab</filename>, but it would then be
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impossible to enter a password for the encrypted root disk at
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the console, since this program does not read from the console
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at all. This is why a separate plugin runner (<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>) is used to run
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both this program and others in in parallel,
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<emphasis>one</emphasis> of which (<citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>password-prompt</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>) will prompt for
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passwords on the system console.
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at all.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="environment">
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<title>ENVIRONMENT</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><envar>MANDOSPLUGINHELPERDIR</envar></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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This environment variable will be assumed to contain the
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directory containing any helper executables. The use and
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nature of these helper executables, if any, is purposely
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not documented.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>
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This program does not use any environment variables, not even
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the ones provided by <citerefentry><refentrytitle
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This program does not use any other environment variables, not
544
even the ones provided by <citerefentry><refentrytitle
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545
>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>.
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</para>
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It is not necessary to print any non-executable files
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already in the network hook directory, these will be
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copied implicitly if they otherwise satisfy the name
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requirement.
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requirements.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<term><envar>DEVICE</envar></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The network interface, as specified to
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The network interfaces, as specified to
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653
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> by the
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<option>--interface</option> option. If this is not the
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interface a hook will bring up, there is no reason for a
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hook to continue.
654
<option>--interface</option> option, combined to one
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string and separated by commas. If this is set, and
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does not contain the interface a hook will bring up,
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there is no reason for a hook to continue.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/tls-pubkey.pem</filename
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></term>
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<term><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/tls-privkey.pem</filename
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></term>
741
<listitem>
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<para>
743
Public and private raw key files, in <quote>PEM</quote>
744
format. These are the default file names, they can be
745
changed with the <option>--tls-pubkey</option> and
746
<option>--tls-privkey</option> options.
747
</para>
748
</listitem>
749
</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename
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class="directory">/lib/mandos/network-hooks.d</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<!-- <refsect1 id="bugs"> -->
648
<!-- <title>BUGS</title> -->
649
<!-- <para> -->
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<!-- </para> -->
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<!-- </refsect1> -->
764
<refsect1 id="bugs">
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<title>BUGS</title>
766
<xi:include href="../bugs.xml"/>
767
</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="example">
654
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<title>EXAMPLE</title>
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<para>
656
772
Note that normally, command line options will not be given
657
directly, but via options for the Mandos <citerefentry
658
><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
659
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
773
directly, but passed on via the program responsible for starting
774
this program; see <xref linkend="overview"/>.
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775
</para>
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<informalexample>
662
777
<para>
663
Normal invocation needs no options, if the network interface
778
Normal invocation needs no options, if the network interfaces
664
779
can be automatically determined:
665
780
</para>
666
781
<para>
669
784
</informalexample>
670
785
<informalexample>
671
786
<para>
672
Search for Mandos servers (and connect to them) using another
673
interface:
787
Search for Mandos servers (and connect to them) using one
788
specific interface:
674
789
</para>
675
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<para>
676
791
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
679
794
</informalexample>
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<informalexample>
681
796
<para>
682
Run in debug mode, and use a custom key:
797
Run in debug mode, and use custom keys:
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798
</para>
684
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<para>
685
800
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801
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
687
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt</userinput>
802
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt --tls-pubkey keydir/tls-pubkey.pem --tls-privkey keydir/tls-privkey.pem</userinput>
688
803
689
804
</para>
690
805
</informalexample>
691
806
<informalexample>
692
807
<para>
693
Run in debug mode, with a custom key, and do not use Zeroconf
808
Run in debug mode, with custom keys, and do not use Zeroconf
694
809
to locate a server; connect directly to the IPv6 link-local
695
810
address <quote><systemitem class="ipaddress"
696
811
>fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2</systemitem></quote>, port 4711,
699
814
<para>
700
815
701
816
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
702
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt --connect fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2:4711 --interface eth2</userinput>
817
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt --tls-pubkey keydir/tls-pubkey.pem --tls-privkey keydir/tls-privkey.pem --connect fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2:4711 --interface eth2</userinput>
703
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819
</para>
705
820
</informalexample>
708
823
<refsect1 id="security">
709
824
<title>SECURITY</title>
710
825
<para>
711
This program is set-uid to root, but will switch back to the
712
original (and presumably non-privileged) user and group after
713
bringing up the network interface.
826
This program assumes that it is set-uid to root, and will switch
827
back to the original (and presumably non-privileged) user and
828
group after bringing up the network interface.
714
829
</para>
715
830
<para>
716
831
To use this program for its intended purpose (see <xref
729
844
<para>
730
845
The only remaining weak point is that someone with physical
731
846
access to the client hard drive might turn off the client
732
computer, read the OpenPGP keys directly from the hard drive,
733
and communicate with the server. To safeguard against this, the
734
server is supposed to notice the client disappearing and stop
735
giving out the encrypted data. Therefore, it is important to
736
set the timeout and checker interval values tightly on the
737
server. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle
847
computer, read the OpenPGP and TLS keys directly from the hard
848
drive, and communicate with the server. To safeguard against
849
this, the server is supposed to notice the client disappearing
850
and stop giving out the encrypted data. Therefore, it is
851
important to set the timeout and checker interval values tightly
852
on the server. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle
738
853
>mandos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
739
854
</para>
740
855
<para>
741
856
It will also help if the checker program on the server is
742
857
configured to request something from the client which can not be
743
spoofed by someone else on the network, unlike unencrypted
744
<acronym>ICMP</acronym> echo (<quote>ping</quote>) replies.
858
spoofed by someone else on the network, like SSH server key
859
fingerprints, and unlike unencrypted <acronym>ICMP</acronym>
860
echo (<quote>ping</quote>) replies.
745
861
</para>
746
862
<para>
747
863
<emphasis>Note</emphasis>: This makes it completely insecure to
763
879
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
764
880
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos</refentrytitle>
765
881
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
766
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-prompt</refentrytitle>
882
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-agent</refentrytitle>
767
883
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
768
884
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
769
885
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>
782
898
</varlistentry>
783
899
<varlistentry>
784
900
<term>
785
<ulink url="http://www.avahi.org/">Avahi</ulink>
901
<ulink url="https://www.avahi.org/">Avahi</ulink>
786
902
</term>
787
903
<listitem>
788
904
<para>
793
909
</varlistentry>
794
910
<varlistentry>
795
911
<term>
796
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/"
797
>GnuTLS</ulink>
912
<ulink url="https://www.gnutls.org/">GnuTLS</ulink>
798
913
</term>
799
914
<listitem>
800
915
<para>
801
916
GnuTLS is the library this client uses to implement TLS for
802
917
communicating securely with the server, and at the same time
803
send the public OpenPGP key to the server.
918
send the public key to the server.
804
919
</para>
805
920
</listitem>
806
921
</varlistentry>
807
922
<varlistentry>
808
923
<term>
809
<ulink url="http://www.gnupg.org/related_software/gpgme/"
924
<ulink url="https://www.gnupg.org/related_software/gpgme/"
810
925
>GPGME</ulink>
811
926
</term>
812
927
<listitem>
840
955
<para>
841
956
This client uses IPv6 link-local addresses, which are
842
957
immediately usable since a link-local addresses is
843
automatically assigned to a network interfaces when it
958
automatically assigned to a network interface when it
844
959
is brought up.
845
960
</para>
846
961
</listitem>
850
965
</varlistentry>
851
966
<varlistentry>
852
967
<term>
853
RFC 4346: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
854
Protocol Version 1.1</citetitle>
968
RFC 5246: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
969
Protocol Version 1.2</citetitle>
855
970
</term>
856
971
<listitem>
857
972
<para>
858
TLS 1.1 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
973
TLS 1.2 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
859
974
</para>
860
975
</listitem>
861
976
</varlistentry>
872
987
</varlistentry>
873
988
<varlistentry>
874
989
<term>
875
RFC 5081: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for Transport Layer
990
RFC 7250: <citetitle>Using Raw Public Keys in Transport
991
Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security
992
(DTLS)</citetitle>
993
</term>
994
<listitem>
995
<para>
996
This is implemented by GnuTLS in version 3.6.6 and is, if
997
present, used by this program so that raw public keys can be
998
used.
999
</para>
1000
</listitem>
1001
</varlistentry>
1002
<varlistentry>
1003
<term>
1004
RFC 6091: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for Transport Layer
876
1005
Security</citetitle>
877
1006
</term>
878
1007
<listitem>
879
1008
<para>
880
This is implemented by GnuTLS and used by this program so
881
that OpenPGP keys can be used.
1009
This is implemented by GnuTLS before version 3.6.0 and is,
1010
if present, used by this program so that OpenPGP keys can be
1011
used.
882
1012
</para>
883
1013
</listitem>
884
1014
</varlistentry>
Loggerhead is a web-based interface for Breezy
Version: 2.0.2.dev0