102
<option>--delay <replaceable>SECONDS</replaceable></option>
106
<option>--retry <replaceable>SECONDS</replaceable></option>
110
<option>--network-hook-dir
111
<replaceable>DIR</replaceable></option>
115
124
<option>--debug</option>
119
128
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
120
129
<group choice="req">
121
<arg choice="plain"><option>--help</option></arg>
122
<arg choice="plain"><option>-?</option></arg>
130
<arg choice='plain'><option>--help</option></arg>
131
<arg choice='plain'><option>-?</option></arg>
126
135
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
127
<arg choice="plain"><option>--usage</option></arg>
136
<arg choice='plain'><option>--usage</option></arg>
130
139
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
131
140
<group choice="req">
132
<arg choice="plain"><option>--version</option></arg>
133
<arg choice="plain"><option>-V</option></arg>
141
<arg choice='plain'><option>--version</option></arg>
142
<arg choice='plain'><option>-V</option></arg>
136
145
</refsynopsisdiv>
138
147
<refsect1 id="description">
139
148
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
141
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a client program that
142
communicates with <citerefentry><refentrytitle
143
>mandos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
144
to get a password. In slightly more detail, this client program
145
brings up network interfaces, uses the interfaces’ IPv6
146
link-local addresses to get network connectivity, uses Zeroconf
147
to find servers on the local network, and communicates with
148
servers using TLS with an OpenPGP key to ensure authenticity and
149
confidentiality. This client program keeps running, trying all
150
servers on the network, until it receives a satisfactory reply
151
or a TERM signal. After all servers have been tried, all
152
servers are periodically retried. If no servers are found it
153
will wait indefinitely for new servers to appear.
156
The network interfaces are selected like this: If any interfaces
157
are specified using the <option>--interface</option> option,
158
those interface are used. Otherwise,
159
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> will use all interfaces that
160
are not loopback interfaces, are not point-to-point interfaces,
161
are capable of broadcasting and do not have the NOARP flag (see
162
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>netdevice</refentrytitle>
163
<manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>). (If the
164
<option>--connect</option> option is used, point-to-point
165
interfaces and non-broadcast interfaces are accepted.) If any
166
used interfaces are not up and running, they are first taken up
167
(and later taken down again on program exit).
170
Before network interfaces are selected, all <quote>network
171
hooks</quote> are run; see <xref linkend="network-hooks"/>.
174
This program is not meant to be run directly; it is really meant
175
to run as a plugin of the <application>Mandos</application>
176
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
177
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which runs in the
178
initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment because it is
179
specified as a <quote>keyscript</quote> in the <citerefentry>
180
<refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
181
</citerefentry> file.
185
<refsect1 id="purpose">
186
<title>PURPOSE</title>
188
The purpose of this is to enable <emphasis>remote and unattended
189
rebooting</emphasis> of client host computer with an
190
<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. See <xref
191
linkend="overview"/> for details.
150
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a mandos plugin that works
151
like a client program that through avahi detects mandos servers,
152
sets up a gnutls connect and request a encrypted password. Any
153
passwords given is automaticly decrypted and passed to
195
158
<refsect1 id="options">
196
159
<title>OPTIONS</title>
198
This program is commonly not invoked from the command line; it
199
is normally started by the <application>Mandos</application>
200
plugin runner, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle
201
>plugin-runner</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum>
202
</citerefentry>. Any command line options this program accepts
203
are therefore normally provided by the plugin runner, and not
161
Commonly not invoked as command lines but from configuration
162
file of plugin runner.
209
<term><option>--connect=<replaceable
210
>ADDRESS</replaceable><literal>:</literal><replaceable
211
>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
213
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable><literal>:</literal
214
><replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
217
Do not use Zeroconf to locate servers. Connect directly
218
to only one specified <application>Mandos</application>
219
server. Note that an IPv6 address has colon characters in
220
it, so the <emphasis>last</emphasis> colon character is
221
assumed to separate the address from the port number.
224
Normally, Zeroconf would be used to locate Mandos servers,
225
in which case this option would only be used when testing
232
<term><option>--interface=<replaceable
233
>NAME</replaceable><arg rep='repeat'>,<replaceable
234
>NAME</replaceable></arg></option></term>
236
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable><arg rep='repeat'>,<replaceable
237
>NAME</replaceable></arg></option></term>
240
Comma separated list of network interfaces that will be
241
brought up and scanned for Mandos servers to connect to.
242
The default is the empty string, which will automatically
243
use all appropriate interfaces.
246
If the <option>--connect</option> option is used, and
247
exactly one interface name is specified (except
248
<quote><literal>none</literal></quote>), this specifies
249
the interface to use to connect to the address given.
252
Note that since this program will normally run in the
253
initial RAM disk environment, the interface must be an
254
interface which exists at that stage. Thus, the interface
255
can normally not be a pseudo-interface such as
256
<quote>br0</quote> or <quote>tun0</quote>; such interfaces
257
will not exist until much later in the boot process, and
258
can not be used by this program, unless created by a
259
<quote>network hook</quote> — see <xref
260
linkend="network-hooks"/>.
263
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable> can be the string
264
<quote><literal>none</literal></quote>; this will make
265
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> only bring up interfaces
266
specified <emphasis>before</emphasis> this string. This
267
is not recommended, and only meant for advanced users.
273
<term><option>--pubkey=<replaceable
274
>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
276
<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
279
OpenPGP public key file name. The default name is
280
<quote><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/pubkey.txt</filename
287
<term><option>--seckey=<replaceable
288
>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
290
<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
293
OpenPGP secret key file name. The default name is
294
<quote><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/seckey.txt</filename
301
<term><option>--priority=<replaceable
302
>STRING</replaceable></option></term>
304
<xi:include href="../mandos-options.xml"
305
xpointer="priority"/>
310
<term><option>--dh-bits=<replaceable
311
>BITS</replaceable></option></term>
314
Sets the number of bits to use for the prime number in the
315
TLS Diffie-Hellman key exchange. Default is 1024.
321
<term><option>--delay=<replaceable
322
>SECONDS</replaceable></option></term>
325
After bringing a network interface up, the program waits
326
for the interface to arrive in a <quote>running</quote>
327
state before proceeding. During this time, the kernel log
328
level will be lowered to reduce clutter on the system
329
console, alleviating any other plugins which might be
330
using the system console. This option sets the upper
331
limit of seconds to wait. The default is 2.5 seconds.
337
<term><option>--retry=<replaceable
338
>SECONDS</replaceable></option></term>
341
All Mandos servers are tried repeatedly until a password
342
is received. This value specifies, in seconds, how long
343
between each successive try <emphasis>for the same
344
server</emphasis>. The default is 10 seconds.
350
<term><option>--network-hook-dir=<replaceable
351
>DIR</replaceable></option></term>
354
Network hook directory. The default directory is
355
<quote><filename class="directory"
356
>/lib/mandos/network-hooks.d</filename></quote>.
362
<term><option>--debug</option></term>
365
Enable debug mode. This will enable a lot of output to
366
standard error about what the program is doing. The
367
program will still perform all other functions normally.
370
It will also enable debug mode in the Avahi and GnuTLS
371
libraries, making them print large amounts of debugging
378
<term><option>--help</option></term>
379
<term><option>-?</option></term>
382
Gives a help message about options and their meanings.
388
<term><option>--usage</option></term>
391
Gives a short usage message.
397
<term><option>--version</option></term>
398
<term><option>-V</option></term>
401
Prints the program version.
167
<term><literal>-c</literal>, <literal>--connect=<replaceable>
168
IP</replaceable></literal></term>
171
Connect directly to a specified mandos server
177
<term><literal>-d</literal>, <literal>--keydir=<replaceable>
178
KEYDIR</replaceable></literal></term>
181
Directory where the openpgp keyring is
187
<term><literal>-i</literal>, <literal>--interface=
188
<replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></literal></term>
191
Interface that Avahi will conntect through
197
<term><literal>-p</literal>, <literal>--pubkey=<replaceable>
198
PUBKEY</replaceable></literal></term>
201
Public openpgp key for gnutls authentication
207
<term><literal>-s</literal>, <literal>--seckey=<replaceable>
208
SECKEY</replaceable></literal></term>
211
Secret openpgp key for gnutls authentication
217
<term><literal>--priority=<replaceable>PRIORITY</replaceable>
227
<term><literal>--dh-bits=<replaceable>BITS</replaceable>
231
dh-bits to use in gnutls communication
237
<term><literal>--debug</literal></term>
246
<term><literal>-?</literal>, <literal>--help</literal></term>
255
<term><literal>--usage</literal></term>
258
Gives a short usage message
264
<term><literal>-V</literal>, <literal>--version</literal></term>
267
Prints the program version
408
<refsect1 id="overview">
409
<title>OVERVIEW</title>
410
<xi:include href="../overview.xml"/>
412
This program is the client part. It is a plugin started by
413
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
414
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry> which will run in
415
an initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
418
This program could, theoretically, be used as a keyscript in
419
<filename>/etc/crypttab</filename>, but it would then be
420
impossible to enter a password for the encrypted root disk at
421
the console, since this program does not read from the console
422
at all. This is why a separate plugin runner (<citerefentry>
423
<refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
424
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>) is used to run
425
both this program and others in in parallel,
426
<emphasis>one</emphasis> of which (<citerefentry>
427
<refentrytitle>password-prompt</refentrytitle>
428
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>) will prompt for
429
passwords on the system console.
433
274
<refsect1 id="exit_status">
434
275
<title>EXIT STATUS</title>
436
This program will exit with a successful (zero) exit status if a
437
server could be found and the password received from it could be
438
successfully decrypted and output on standard output. The
439
program will exit with a non-zero exit status only if a critical
440
error occurs. Otherwise, it will forever connect to any
441
discovered <application>Mandos</application> servers, trying to
442
get a decryptable password and print it.
446
280
<refsect1 id="environment">
447
281
<title>ENVIRONMENT</title>
450
<term><envar>MANDOSPLUGINHELPERDIR</envar></term>
453
This environment variable will be assumed to contain the
454
directory containing any helper executables. The use and
455
nature of these helper executables, if any, is
456
purposefully not documented.
462
This program does not use any other environment variables, not
463
even the ones provided by <citerefentry><refentrytitle
464
>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
469
<refsect1 id="network-hooks">
470
<title>NETWORK HOOKS</title>
472
If a network interface like a bridge or tunnel is required to
473
find a Mandos server, this requires the interface to be up and
474
running before <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> starts looking
475
for Mandos servers. This can be accomplished by creating a
476
<quote>network hook</quote> program, and placing it in a special
480
Before the network is used (and again before program exit), any
481
runnable programs found in the network hook directory are run
482
with the argument <quote><literal>start</literal></quote> or
483
<quote><literal>stop</literal></quote>. This should bring up or
484
down, respectively, any network interface which
485
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> should use.
487
<refsect2 id="hook-requirements">
488
<title>REQUIREMENTS</title>
490
A network hook must be an executable file, and its name must
491
consist entirely of upper and lower case letters, digits,
492
underscores, periods, and hyphens.
495
A network hook will receive one argument, which can be one of
500
<term><literal>start</literal></term>
503
This should make the network hook create (if necessary)
504
and bring up a network interface.
509
<term><literal>stop</literal></term>
512
This should make the network hook take down a network
513
interface, and delete it if it did not exist previously.
518
<term><literal>files</literal></term>
521
This should make the network hook print, <emphasis>one
522
file per line</emphasis>, all the files needed for it to
523
run. (These files will be copied into the initial RAM
524
filesystem.) Typical use is for a network hook which is
525
a shell script to print its needed binaries.
528
It is not necessary to print any non-executable files
529
already in the network hook directory, these will be
530
copied implicitly if they otherwise satisfy the name
536
<term><literal>modules</literal></term>
539
This should make the network hook print, <emphasis>on
540
separate lines</emphasis>, all the kernel modules needed
541
for it to run. (These modules will be copied into the
542
initial RAM filesystem.) For instance, a tunnel
544
<quote><literal>tun</literal></quote> module.
550
The network hook will be provided with a number of environment
555
<term><envar>MANDOSNETHOOKDIR</envar></term>
558
The network hook directory, specified to
559
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> by the
560
<option>--network-hook-dir</option> option. Note: this
561
should <emphasis>always</emphasis> be used by the
562
network hook to refer to itself or any files in the hook
563
directory it may require.
568
<term><envar>DEVICE</envar></term>
571
The network interfaces, as specified to
572
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> by the
573
<option>--interface</option> option, combined to one
574
string and separated by commas. If this is set, and
575
does not contain the interface a hook will bring up,
576
there is no reason for a hook to continue.
581
<term><envar>MODE</envar></term>
584
This will be the same as the first argument;
585
i.e. <quote><literal>start</literal></quote>,
586
<quote><literal>stop</literal></quote>,
587
<quote><literal>files</literal></quote>, or
588
<quote><literal>modules</literal></quote>.
593
<term><envar>VERBOSITY</envar></term>
596
This will be the <quote><literal>1</literal></quote> if
597
the <option>--debug</option> option is passed to
598
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>, otherwise
599
<quote><literal>0</literal></quote>.
604
<term><envar>DELAY</envar></term>
607
This will be the same as the <option>--delay</option>
608
option passed to <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>. Is
609
only set if <envar>MODE</envar> is
610
<quote><literal>start</literal></quote> or
611
<quote><literal>stop</literal></quote>.
616
<term><envar>CONNECT</envar></term>
619
This will be the same as the <option>--connect</option>
620
option passed to <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>. Is
621
only set if <option>--connect</option> is passed and
622
<envar>MODE</envar> is
623
<quote><literal>start</literal></quote> or
624
<quote><literal>stop</literal></quote>.
630
A hook may not read from standard input, and should be
631
restrictive in printing to standard output or standard error
632
unless <varname>VERBOSITY</varname> is
633
<quote><literal>1</literal></quote>.
638
<refsect1 id="files">
639
287
<title>FILES</title>
642
<term><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/pubkey.txt</filename
644
<term><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/seckey.txt</filename
648
OpenPGP public and private key files, in <quote>ASCII
649
Armor</quote> format. These are the default file names,
650
they can be changed with the <option>--pubkey</option> and
651
<option>--seckey</option> options.
657
class="directory">/lib/mandos/network-hooks.d</filename></term>
660
Directory where network hooks are located. Change this
661
with the <option>--network-hook-dir</option> option. See
662
<xref linkend="network-hooks"/>.
669
<!-- <refsect1 id="bugs"> -->
670
<!-- <title>BUGS</title> -->
675
298
<refsect1 id="example">
676
299
<title>EXAMPLE</title>
678
Note that normally, command line options will not be given
679
directly, but via options for the Mandos <citerefentry
680
><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
681
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
685
Normal invocation needs no options, if the network interfaces
686
can be automatically determined:
689
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME;</userinput>
694
Search for Mandos servers (and connect to them) using one
698
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
699
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --interface eth1</userinput>
704
Run in debug mode, and use a custom key:
708
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
709
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt</userinput>
715
Run in debug mode, with a custom key, and do not use Zeroconf
716
to locate a server; connect directly to the IPv6 link-local
717
address <quote><systemitem class="ipaddress"
718
>fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2</systemitem></quote>, port 4711,
719
using interface eth2:
723
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
724
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt --connect fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2:4711 --interface eth2</userinput>
730
304
<refsect1 id="security">
731
305
<title>SECURITY</title>
733
This program is set-uid to root, but will switch back to the
734
original (and presumably non-privileged) user and group after
735
bringing up the network interface.
738
To use this program for its intended purpose (see <xref
739
linkend="purpose"/>), the password for the root file system will
740
have to be given out to be stored in a server computer, after
741
having been encrypted using an OpenPGP key. This encrypted data
742
which will be stored in a server can only be decrypted by the
743
OpenPGP key, and the data will only be given out to those
744
clients who can prove they actually have that key. This key,
745
however, is stored unencrypted on the client side in its initial
746
<acronym>RAM</acronym> disk image file system. This is normally
747
readable by all, but this is normally fixed during installation
748
of this program; file permissions are set so that no-one is able
752
The only remaining weak point is that someone with physical
753
access to the client hard drive might turn off the client
754
computer, read the OpenPGP keys directly from the hard drive,
755
and communicate with the server. To safeguard against this, the
756
server is supposed to notice the client disappearing and stop
757
giving out the encrypted data. Therefore, it is important to
758
set the timeout and checker interval values tightly on the
759
server. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle
760
>mandos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
763
It will also help if the checker program on the server is
764
configured to request something from the client which can not be
765
spoofed by someone else on the network, like SSH server key
766
fingerprints, and unlike unencrypted <acronym>ICMP</acronym>
767
echo (<quote>ping</quote>) replies.
770
<emphasis>Note</emphasis>: This makes it completely insecure to
771
have <application >Mandos</application> clients which dual-boot
772
to another operating system which is <emphasis>not</emphasis>
773
trusted to keep the initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk image
778
310
<refsect1 id="see_also">
779
311
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
781
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
782
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
783
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle>
784
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
785
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle>
786
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
787
313
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos</refentrytitle>
788
314
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
789
315
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-prompt</refentrytitle>