1
1
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2
2
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3
3
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4
<!ENTITY VERSION "1.0">
4
5
<!ENTITY COMMANDNAME "mandos">
5
<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2015-12-06">
6
<!ENTITY % common SYSTEM "common.ent">
6
<!ENTITY OVERVIEW SYSTEM "overview.xml">
10
<refentry xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
12
<title>Mandos Manual</title>
11
<title>&COMMANDNAME;</title>
13
12
<!-- NWalsh’s docbook scripts use this to generate the footer: -->
14
<productname>Mandos</productname>
15
<productnumber>&version;</productnumber>
16
<date>&TIMESTAMP;</date>
13
<productname>&COMMANDNAME;</productname>
14
<productnumber>&VERSION;</productnumber>
19
17
<firstname>Björn</firstname>
20
18
<surname>Påhlsson</surname>
22
<email>belorn@recompile.se</email>
20
<email>belorn@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
26
24
<firstname>Teddy</firstname>
27
25
<surname>Hogeborn</surname>
29
<email>teddy@recompile.se</email>
27
<email>teddy@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
42
33
<holder>Teddy Hogeborn</holder>
43
34
<holder>Björn Påhlsson</holder>
45
<xi:include href="legalnotice.xml"/>
38
This manual page is free software: you can redistribute it
39
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
40
License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
41
either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
46
This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will
47
be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
48
implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
49
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
54
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
55
License along with this program; If not, see
56
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/"/>.
49
62
<refentrytitle>&COMMANDNAME;</refentrytitle>
50
63
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
54
67
<refname><command>&COMMANDNAME;</command></refname>
56
Gives encrypted passwords to authenticated Mandos clients
69
Sends encrypted passwords to authenticated Mandos clients
62
75
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
64
<arg choice="plain"><option>--interface
65
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
66
<arg choice="plain"><option>-i
67
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
71
<arg choice="plain"><option>--address
72
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></arg>
73
<arg choice="plain"><option>-a
74
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></arg>
78
<arg choice="plain"><option>--port
79
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
80
<arg choice="plain"><option>-p
81
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
84
<arg><option>--priority
85
<replaceable>PRIORITY</replaceable></option></arg>
87
<arg><option>--servicename
88
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
90
<arg><option>--configdir
91
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
93
<arg><option>--debug</option></arg>
95
<arg><option>--debuglevel
96
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></arg>
98
<arg><option>--no-dbus</option></arg>
100
<arg><option>--no-ipv6</option></arg>
102
<arg><option>--no-restore</option></arg>
104
<arg><option>--statedir
105
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
107
<arg><option>--socket
108
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></arg>
110
<arg><option>--foreground</option></arg>
112
<arg><option>--no-zeroconf</option></arg>
76
<arg>--interface<arg choice="plain">IF</arg></arg>
77
<arg>--address<arg choice="plain">ADDRESS</arg></arg>
78
<arg>--port<arg choice="plain">PORT</arg></arg>
79
<arg>--priority<arg choice="plain">PRIORITY</arg></arg>
80
<arg>--servicename<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>
81
<arg>--configdir<arg choice="plain">DIRECTORY</arg></arg>
85
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
86
<arg>-i<arg choice="plain">IF</arg></arg>
87
<arg>-a<arg choice="plain">ADDRESS</arg></arg>
88
<arg>-p<arg choice="plain">PORT</arg></arg>
89
<arg>--priority<arg choice="plain">PRIORITY</arg></arg>
90
<arg>--servicename<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>
91
<arg>--configdir<arg choice="plain">DIRECTORY</arg></arg>
115
95
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
116
96
<group choice="req">
117
<arg choice="plain"><option>--help</option></arg>
118
<arg choice="plain"><option>-h</option></arg>
97
<arg choice="plain">-h</arg>
98
<arg choice="plain">--help</arg>
122
102
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
123
<arg choice="plain"><option>--version</option></arg>
103
<arg choice="plain">--version</arg>
126
106
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
127
<arg choice="plain"><option>--check</option></arg>
107
<arg choice="plain">--check</arg>
129
109
</refsynopsisdiv>
131
111
<refsect1 id="description">
132
112
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
134
114
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a server daemon which
135
115
handles incoming request for passwords for a pre-defined list of
136
client host computers. For an introduction, see
137
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
138
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The Mandos server
139
uses Zeroconf to announce itself on the local network, and uses
140
TLS to communicate securely with and to authenticate the
141
clients. The Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to
142
use IPv6 link-local addresses, since the clients will probably
143
not have any other addresses configured (see <xref
144
linkend="overview"/>). Any authenticated client is then given
145
the stored pre-encrypted password for that specific client.
116
client host computers. The Mandos server uses Zeroconf to
117
announce itself on the local network, and uses TLS to
118
communicate securely with and to authenticate the clients. The
119
Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to use IPv6
120
link-local addresses, since the clients will probably not have
121
any other addresses configured (see <xref linkend="overview"/>).
122
Any authenticated client is then given the stored pre-encrypted
123
password for that specific client.
149
128
<refsect1 id="purpose">
150
129
<title>PURPOSE</title>
152
132
The purpose of this is to enable <emphasis>remote and unattended
153
133
rebooting</emphasis> of client host computer with an
154
134
<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. See <xref
155
135
linkend="overview"/> for details.
159
140
<refsect1 id="options">
160
141
<title>OPTIONS</title>
163
<term><option>--help</option></term>
164
<term><option>-h</option></term>
145
<term><literal>-h</literal>, <literal>--help</literal></term>
167
148
Show a help message and exit
173
<term><option>--interface</option>
174
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
175
<term><option>-i</option>
176
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
178
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="interface"/>
183
<term><option>--address
184
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
186
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
188
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="address"/>
194
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
196
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
198
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="port"/>
203
<term><option>--check</option></term>
154
<term><literal>-i</literal>, <literal>--interface <replaceable>
155
IF</replaceable></literal></term>
158
Only announce the server and listen to requests on network
159
interface <replaceable>IF</replaceable>. Default is to
160
use all available interfaces. <emphasis>Note:</emphasis>
161
a failure to bind to the specified interface is not
162
considered critical, and the server does not exit.
168
<term><literal>-a</literal>, <literal>--address <replaceable>
169
ADDRESS</replaceable></literal></term>
172
If this option is used, the server will only listen to a
173
specific address. This must currently be an IPv6 address;
174
an IPv4 address can be specified using the
175
<quote><literal>::FFFF:192.0.2.3</literal></quote> syntax.
176
Also, if a link-local address is specified, an interface
177
should be set, since a link-local address is only valid on
178
a single interface. By default, the server will listen to
179
all available addresses.
185
<term><literal>-p</literal>, <literal>--port <replaceable>
186
PORT</replaceable></literal></term>
189
If this option is used, the server to bind to that
190
port. By default, the server will listen to an arbitrary
191
port given by the operating system.
197
<term><literal>--check</literal></term>
206
200
Run the server’s self-tests. This includes any unit
213
<term><option>--debug</option></term>
215
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="debug"/>
220
<term><option>--debuglevel
221
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></term>
224
Set the debugging log level.
225
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is a string, one of
226
<quote><literal>CRITICAL</literal></quote>,
227
<quote><literal>ERROR</literal></quote>,
228
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>,
229
<quote><literal>INFO</literal></quote>, or
230
<quote><literal>DEBUG</literal></quote>, in order of
231
increasing verbosity. The default level is
232
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>.
238
<term><option>--priority <replaceable>
239
PRIORITY</replaceable></option></term>
241
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="priority"/>
246
<term><option>--servicename
247
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
249
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
250
xpointer="servicename"/>
255
<term><option>--configdir
256
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
207
<term><literal>--debug</literal></term>
210
If the server is run in debug mode, it will run in the
211
foreground and print a lot of debugging information. The
212
default is <emphasis>not</emphasis> to run in debug mode.
218
<term><literal>--priority <replaceable>
219
PRIORITY</replaceable></literal></term>
222
GnuTLS priority string for the TLS handshake with the
223
clients. The default is
224
<quote><literal>SECURE256:!CTYPE-X.509:+CTYPE-OPENPGP</literal></quote>.
225
See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>gnutls_priority_init
226
</refentrytitle><manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
227
for the syntax. <emphasis>Warning</emphasis>: changing
228
this may make the TLS handshake fail, making communication
229
with clients impossible.
235
<term><literal>--servicename <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>
239
Zeroconf service name. The default is
240
<quote><literal>Mandos</literal></quote>. This only needs
241
to be changed this if it, for some reason, is necessary to
242
run more than one server on the same
243
<emphasis>host</emphasis>, which would not normally be
244
useful. If there are name collisions on the same
245
<emphasis>network</emphasis>, the newer server will
246
automatically rename itself to <quote><literal>Mandos
247
#2</literal></quote>, and so on; therefore, this option is
248
not needed in that case.
254
<term><literal>--configdir <replaceable>DIR</replaceable>
259
258
Directory to search for configuration files. Default is
270
<term><option>--version</option></term>
269
<term><literal>--version</literal></term>
273
272
Prints the program version and exit.
279
<term><option>--no-dbus</option></term>
281
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="dbus"/>
283
See also <xref linkend="dbus_interface"/>.
289
<term><option>--no-ipv6</option></term>
291
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="ipv6"/>
296
<term><option>--no-restore</option></term>
298
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="restore"/>
300
See also <xref linkend="persistent_state"/>.
306
<term><option>--statedir
307
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
309
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="statedir"/>
314
<term><option>--socket
315
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></term>
317
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="socket"/>
322
<term><option>--foreground</option></term>
324
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
325
xpointer="foreground"/>
330
<term><option>--no-zeroconf</option></term>
332
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="zeroconf"/>
339
279
<refsect1 id="overview">
340
280
<title>OVERVIEW</title>
341
<xi:include href="overview.xml"/>
343
283
This program is the server part. It is a normal server program
344
284
and will run in a normal system environment, not in an initial
345
<acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
285
RAM disk environment.
349
289
<refsect1 id="protocol">
350
290
<title>NETWORK PROTOCOL</title>
404
344
</tbody></tgroup></table>
407
347
<refsect1 id="checking">
408
348
<title>CHECKING</title>
410
350
The server will, by default, continually check that the clients
411
351
are still up. If a client has not been confirmed as being up
412
352
for some time, the client is assumed to be compromised and is no
413
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. (Manual
414
intervention is required to re-enable a client.) The timeout,
415
extended timeout, checker program, and interval between checks
416
can be configured both globally and per client; see
417
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
353
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. The timeout,
354
checker program, and interval between checks can be configured
355
both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
356
<refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
357
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry>
358
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
418
359
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
422
<refsect1 id="approval">
423
<title>APPROVAL</title>
425
The server can be configured to require manual approval for a
426
client before it is sent its secret. The delay to wait for such
427
approval and the default action (approve or deny) can be
428
configured both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
429
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
430
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. By default all clients
431
will be approved immediately without delay.
434
This can be used to deny a client its secret if not manually
435
approved within a specified time. It can also be used to make
436
the server delay before giving a client its secret, allowing
437
optional manual denying of this specific client.
442
363
<refsect1 id="logging">
443
364
<title>LOGGING</title>
445
The server will send log message with various severity levels to
446
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename>. With the
366
The server will send log messaged with various severity levels
367
to <filename>/dev/log</filename>. With the
447
368
<option>--debug</option> option, it will log even more messages,
448
369
and also show them on the console.
452
<refsect1 id="persistent_state">
453
<title>PERSISTENT STATE</title>
455
Client settings, initially read from
456
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, are persistent across
457
restarts, and run-time changes will override settings in
458
<filename>clients.conf</filename>. However, if a setting is
459
<emphasis>changed</emphasis> (or a client added, or removed) in
460
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, this will take precedence.
464
<refsect1 id="dbus_interface">
465
<title>D-BUS INTERFACE</title>
467
The server will by default provide a D-Bus system bus interface.
468
This interface will only be accessible by the root user or a
469
Mandos-specific user, if such a user exists. For documentation
470
of the D-Bus API, see the file <filename>DBUS-API</filename>.
474
373
<refsect1 id="exit_status">
475
374
<title>EXIT STATUS</title>
659
556
compromised if they are gone for too long.
559
If a client is compromised, its downtime should be duly noted
560
by the server which would therefore declare the client
561
invalid. But if the server was ever restarted, it would
562
re-read its client list from its configuration file and again
563
regard all clients therein as valid, and hence eligible to
564
receive their passwords. Therefore, be careful when
565
restarting servers if it is suspected that a client has, in
566
fact, been compromised by parties who may now be running a
567
fake Mandos client with the keys from the non-encrypted
568
initial RAM image of the client host. What should be done in
569
that case (if restarting the server program really is
570
necessary) is to stop the server program, edit the
571
configuration file to omit any suspect clients, and restart
662
575
For more details on client-side security, see
663
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
576
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
664
577
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
669
582
<refsect1 id="see_also">
670
583
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
672
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
673
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
674
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
675
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
676
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
677
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
678
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
679
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
680
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle>
681
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
588
<refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
589
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum>
594
This is the actual program which talks to this server.
595
Note that it is normally not invoked directly, and is only
596
run in the initial RAM disk environment, and not on a
597
fully started system.
686
603
<ulink url="http://www.zeroconf.org/">Zeroconf</ulink>
720
RFC 4291: <citetitle>IP Version 6 Addressing
721
Architecture</citetitle>
638
<citation>RFC 4291: <citetitle>IP Version 6 Addressing
639
Architecture</citetitle>, section 2.5.6, Link-Local IPv6
640
Unicast Addresses</citation>
726
<term>Section 2.2: <citetitle>Text Representation of
727
Addresses</citetitle></term>
728
<listitem><para/></listitem>
731
<term>Section 2.5.5.2: <citetitle>IPv4-Mapped IPv6
732
Address</citetitle></term>
733
<listitem><para/></listitem>
736
<term>Section 2.5.6, <citetitle>Link-Local IPv6 Unicast
737
Addresses</citetitle></term>
740
The clients use IPv6 link-local addresses, which are
741
immediately usable since a link-local addresses is
742
automatically assigned to a network interfaces when it
644
The clients use IPv6 link-local addresses, which are
645
immediately usable since a link-local addresses is
646
automatically assigned to a network interfaces when it is
752
RFC 5246: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
753
Protocol Version 1.2</citetitle>
653
<citation>RFC 4346: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security
654
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.1</citetitle></citation>
757
TLS 1.2 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
658
TLS 1.1 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
763
RFC 4880: <citetitle>OpenPGP Message Format</citetitle>
664
<citation>RFC 4880: <citetitle>OpenPGP Message
665
Format</citetitle></citation>