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- Committer: Teddy Hogeborn
- Date: 2019-04-09 19:41:53 UTC
- mfrom: (237.7.647 trunk)
- Revision ID: teddy@recompile.se-20190409194153-khftfvj3ee27md1a
Merge from trunk
- files added:
- .bzr-builddeb
- debian
- debian/po
- debian/source
- debian/upstream
- network-hooks.d
- plugin-helpers
- files removed:
- initramfs-tools-hook-conf
- files renamed:
- plugins.d/password-request.c => plugins.d/mandos-client.c
- plugins.d/password-request.xml => plugins.d/mandos-client.xml
- files modified:
- .bzrignore
added
removed
mandos.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
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"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
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<!ENTITY VERSION "1.0">
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<!ENTITY COMMANDNAME "mandos">
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<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2008-08-31">
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<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2019-02-10">
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<!ENTITY % common SYSTEM "common.ent">
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%common;
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]>
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<refentry xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
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<refentryinfo>
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<refentryinfo>
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<title>Mandos Manual</title>
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<!-- NWalsh’s docbook scripts use this to generate the footer: -->
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<productname>Mandos</productname>
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<productnumber>&VERSION;</productnumber>
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<productnumber>&version;</productnumber>
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<date>&TIMESTAMP;</date>
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<authorgroup>
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<author>
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<firstname>Björn</firstname>
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<surname>Påhlsson</surname>
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<address>
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<email>belorn@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
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<email>belorn@recompile.se</email>
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</address>
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</author>
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<author>
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<firstname>Teddy</firstname>
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<surname>Hogeborn</surname>
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<address>
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<email>teddy@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
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<email>teddy@recompile.se</email>
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</address>
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</author>
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</authorgroup>
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<copyright>
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<year>2008</year>
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<year>2009</year>
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<year>2010</year>
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<year>2011</year>
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<year>2012</year>
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<year>2013</year>
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<year>2014</year>
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<year>2015</year>
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<year>2016</year>
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<year>2017</year>
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<year>2018</year>
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<year>2019</year>
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<holder>Teddy Hogeborn</holder>
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<holder>Björn Påhlsson</holder>
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</copyright>
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<legalnotice>
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<para>
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This manual page is free software: you can redistribute it
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and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
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License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
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either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
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later version.
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</para>
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<para>
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This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will
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be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
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implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
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PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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for more details.
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</para>
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<para>
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
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License along with this program; If not, see
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<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/"/>.
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</para>
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</legalnotice>
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<xi:include href="legalnotice.xml"/>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>&COMMANDNAME;</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
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Gives encrypted passwords to authenticated Mandos clients
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</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
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<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
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<sbr/>
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<arg><option>--debug</option></arg>
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<sbr/>
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<arg><option>--debuglevel
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<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></arg>
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<sbr/>
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<arg><option>--no-dbus</option></arg>
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<sbr/>
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<arg><option>--no-ipv6</option></arg>
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<sbr/>
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<arg><option>--no-restore</option></arg>
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<sbr/>
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<arg><option>--statedir
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<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
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<sbr/>
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<arg><option>--socket
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<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></arg>
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<sbr/>
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<arg><option>--foreground</option></arg>
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<sbr/>
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<arg><option>--no-zeroconf</option></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
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<arg choice="plain"><option>--check</option></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1 id="description">
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para>
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<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a server daemon which
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handles incoming request for passwords for a pre-defined list of
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client host computers. The Mandos server uses Zeroconf to
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announce itself on the local network, and uses TLS to
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communicate securely with and to authenticate the clients. The
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Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to use IPv6
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link-local addresses, since the clients will probably not have
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any other addresses configured (see <xref linkend="overview"/>).
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Any authenticated client is then given the stored pre-encrypted
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password for that specific client.
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client host computers. For an introduction, see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The Mandos server
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uses Zeroconf to announce itself on the local network, and uses
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TLS to communicate securely with and to authenticate the
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clients. The Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to
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use IPv6 link-local addresses, since the clients will probably
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not have any other addresses configured (see <xref
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linkend="overview"/>). Any authenticated client is then given
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the stored pre-encrypted password for that specific client.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="purpose">
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<title>PURPOSE</title>
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<para>
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The purpose of this is to enable <emphasis>remote and unattended
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rebooting</emphasis> of client host computer with an
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<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. See <xref
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linkend="overview"/> for details.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="options">
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<title>OPTIONS</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--help</option></term>
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<term><option>-h</option></term>
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<term><option>--help</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Show a help message and exit
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--interface</option>
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<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
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<term><option>-i</option>
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<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
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<term><option>--interface</option>
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<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="interface"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>-a</literal>, <literal>--address <replaceable>
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ADDRESS</replaceable></literal></term>
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<term><option>--address
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<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>-a
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<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="address"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>-p</literal>, <literal>--port <replaceable>
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PORT</replaceable></literal></term>
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<term><option>--port
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<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>-p
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<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="port"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>--check</literal></term>
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<term><option>--check</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Run the server’s self-tests. This includes any unit
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>--debug</literal></term>
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<term><option>--debug</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="debug"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>--priority <replaceable>
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PRIORITY</replaceable></literal></term>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--debuglevel
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<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Set the debugging log level.
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<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is a string, one of
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<quote><literal>CRITICAL</literal></quote>,
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<quote><literal>ERROR</literal></quote>,
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<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>,
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<quote><literal>INFO</literal></quote>, or
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<quote><literal>DEBUG</literal></quote>, in order of
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increasing verbosity. The default level is
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<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--priority <replaceable>
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PRIORITY</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="priority"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>--servicename <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>
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</literal></term>
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<term><option>--servicename
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<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
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xpointer="servicename"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>--configdir <replaceable>DIR</replaceable>
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</literal></term>
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<term><option>--configdir
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<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Directory to search for configuration files. Default is
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>--version</literal></term>
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<term><option>--version</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Prints the program version and exit.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-dbus</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="dbus"/>
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<para>
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See also <xref linkend="dbus_interface"/>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-ipv6</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="ipv6"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-restore</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="restore"/>
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<para>
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See also <xref linkend="persistent_state"/>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--statedir
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<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="statedir"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--socket
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<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="socket"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--foreground</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
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xpointer="foreground"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--no-zeroconf</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="zeroconf"/>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="overview">
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<title>OVERVIEW</title>
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<xi:include href="overview.xml"/>
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<para>
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This program is the server part. It is a normal server program
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and will run in a normal system environment, not in an initial
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RAM disk environment.
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<acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="protocol">
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<title>NETWORK PROTOCOL</title>
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<para>
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start a TLS protocol handshake with a slight quirk: the Mandos
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server program acts as a TLS <quote>client</quote> while the
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connecting Mandos client acts as a TLS <quote>server</quote>.
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The Mandos client must supply an OpenPGP certificate, and the
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fingerprint of this certificate is used by the Mandos server to
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look up (in a list read from <filename>clients.conf</filename>
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at start time) which binary blob to give the client. No other
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authentication or authorization is done by the server.
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The Mandos client must supply a TLS public key, and the key ID
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of this public key is used by the Mandos server to look up (in a
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list read from <filename>clients.conf</filename> at start time)
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which binary blob to give the client. No other authentication
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or authorization is done by the server.
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</para>
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<table>
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<title>Mandos Protocol (Version 1)</title><tgroup cols="3"><thead>
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</emphasis></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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<entry>OpenPGP public key (part of TLS handshake)</entry>
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<entry>Public key (part of TLS handshake)</entry>
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<entry>-><!-- → --></entry>
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</row>
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<row>
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</row>
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</tbody></tgroup></table>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="checking">
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<title>CHECKING</title>
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<para>
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The server will, by default, continually check that the clients
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are still up. If a client has not been confirmed as being up
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for some time, the client is assumed to be compromised and is no
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longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. The timeout,
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checker program, and interval between checks can be configured
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both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
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longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. (Manual
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intervention is required to re-enable a client.) The timeout,
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extended timeout, checker program, and interval between checks
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can be configured both globally and per client; see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="approval">
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<title>APPROVAL</title>
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<para>
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The server can be configured to require manual approval for a
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client before it is sent its secret. The delay to wait for such
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approval and the default action (approve or deny) can be
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configured both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
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</para>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. By default all clients
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will be approved immediately without delay.
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</para>
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<para>
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This can be used to deny a client its secret if not manually
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approved within a specified time. It can also be used to make
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the server delay before giving a client its secret, allowing
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optional manual denying of this specific client.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="logging">
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<title>LOGGING</title>
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<para>
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The server will send log message with various severity levels to
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<filename>/dev/log</filename>. With the
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<filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename>. With the
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<option>--debug</option> option, it will log even more messages,
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and also show them on the console.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="persistent_state">
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<title>PERSISTENT STATE</title>
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<para>
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Client settings, initially read from
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<filename>clients.conf</filename>, are persistent across
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restarts, and run-time changes will override settings in
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<filename>clients.conf</filename>. However, if a setting is
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<emphasis>changed</emphasis> (or a client added, or removed) in
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<filename>clients.conf</filename>, this will take precedence.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="dbus_interface">
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<title>D-BUS INTERFACE</title>
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<para>
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The server will by default provide a D-Bus system bus interface.
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This interface will only be accessible by the root user or a
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Mandos-specific user, if such a user exists. For documentation
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of the D-Bus API, see the file <filename>DBUS-API</filename>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="exit_status">
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<title>EXIT STATUS</title>
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<para>
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critical error is encountered.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="environment">
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<title>ENVIRONMENT</title>
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<variablelist>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="file">
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<refsect1 id="files">
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<title>FILES</title>
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<para>
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Use the <option>--configdir</option> option to change where
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/var/run/mandos/mandos.pid</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The file containing the process id of
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<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>/dev/log</filename></term>
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<term><filename>/run/mandos.pid</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The file containing the process id of the
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<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> process started last.
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<emphasis >Note:</emphasis> If the <filename
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class="directory">/run</filename> directory does not
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exist, <filename>/var/run/mandos.pid</filename> will be
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used instead.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename
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class="directory">/var/lib/mandos</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Directory where persistent state will be saved. Change
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this with the <option>--statedir</option> option. See
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also the <option>--no-restore</option> option.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The Unix domain socket to where local syslog messages are
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backtrace. This could be considered a feature.
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</para>
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<para>
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Currently, if a client is declared <quote>invalid</quote> due to
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having timed out, the server does not record this fact onto
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permanent storage. This has some security implications, see
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<xref linkend="CLIENTS"/>.
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</para>
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<para>
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There is currently no way of querying the server of the current
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status of clients, other than analyzing its <systemitem
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class="service">syslog</systemitem> output.
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</para>
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<para>
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There is no fine-grained control over logging and debug output.
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</para>
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<para>
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Debug mode is conflated with running in the foreground.
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</para>
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<para>
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The console log messages does not show a timestamp.
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</para>
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<xi:include href="bugs.xml"/>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="example">
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<informalexample>
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<para>
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Run the server in debug mode, read configuration files from
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the <filename>~/mandos</filename> directory, and use the
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Zeroconf service name <quote>Test</quote> to not collide with
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any other official Mandos server on this host:
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the <filename class="directory">~/mandos</filename> directory,
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and use the Zeroconf service name <quote>Test</quote> to not
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collide with any other official Mandos server on this host:
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</para>
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<para>
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611
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</para>
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</informalexample>
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629
</refsect1>
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630
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<refsect1 id="security">
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632
<title>SECURITY</title>
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<refsect2 id="SERVER">
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<refsect2 id="server">
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<title>SERVER</title>
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<para>
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636
Running this <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> server program
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637
should not in itself present any security risk to the host
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computer running it. The program does not need any special
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privileges to run, and is designed to run as a non-root user.
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computer running it. The program switches to a non-root user
639
soon after startup.
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</para>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2 id="CLIENTS">
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<refsect2 id="clients">
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643
<title>CLIENTS</title>
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644
<para>
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645
The server only gives out its stored data to clients which
516
does have the OpenPGP key of the stored fingerprint. This is
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guaranteed by the fact that the client sends its OpenPGP
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public key in the TLS handshake; this ensures it to be
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genuine. The server computes the fingerprint of the key
520
itself and looks up the fingerprint in its list of
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clients. The <filename>clients.conf</filename> file (see
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does have the correct key ID of the stored key ID. This is
647
guaranteed by the fact that the client sends its public key in
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the TLS handshake; this ensures it to be genuine. The server
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computes the key ID of the key itself and looks up the key ID
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in its list of clients. The <filename>clients.conf</filename>
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file (see
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
523
653
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
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654
<emphasis>must</emphasis> be made non-readable by anyone
525
except the user running the server.
655
except the user starting the server (usually root).
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656
</para>
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657
<para>
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658
As detailed in <xref linkend="checking"/>, the status of all
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660
compromised if they are gone for too long.
531
661
</para>
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662
<para>
533
If a client is compromised, its downtime should be duly noted
534
by the server which would therefore declare the client
535
invalid. But if the server was ever restarted, it would
536
re-read its client list from its configuration file and again
537
regard all clients therein as valid, and hence eligible to
538
receive their passwords. Therefore, be careful when
539
restarting servers if it is suspected that a client has, in
540
fact, been compromised by parties who may now be running a
541
fake Mandos client with the keys from the non-encrypted
542
initial RAM image of the client host. What should be done in
543
that case (if restarting the server program really is
544
necessary) is to stop the server program, edit the
545
configuration file to omit any suspect clients, and restart
546
the server program.
547
</para>
548
<para>
549
663
For more details on client-side security, see
550
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
664
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
551
665
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
552
666
</para>
553
667
</refsect2>
554
668
</refsect1>
555
669
556
670
<refsect1 id="see_also">
557
671
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
558
672
<para>
559
<citerefentry>
560
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
561
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
562
<refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
563
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
564
<refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
565
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
566
<refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
567
</citerefentry>
673
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
674
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
675
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
676
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
677
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
678
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
679
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
680
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
681
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle>
682
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
568
683
</para>
569
684
<variablelist>
570
685
<varlistentry>
591
706
</varlistentry>
592
707
<varlistentry>
593
708
<term>
594
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/"
595
>GnuTLS</ulink>
709
<ulink url="https://gnutls.org/">GnuTLS</ulink>
596
710
</term>
597
711
<listitem>
598
712
<para>
599
713
GnuTLS is the library this server uses to implement TLS for
600
714
communicating securely with the client, and at the same time
601
confidently get the client’s public OpenPGP key.
715
confidently get the client’s public key.
602
716
</para>
603
717
</listitem>
604
718
</varlistentry>
636
750
</varlistentry>
637
751
<varlistentry>
638
752
<term>
639
RFC 4346: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
640
Protocol Version 1.1</citetitle>
753
RFC 5246: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
754
Protocol Version 1.2</citetitle>
641
755
</term>
642
756
<listitem>
643
757
<para>
644
TLS 1.1 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
758
TLS 1.2 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
645
759
</para>
646
760
</listitem>
647
761
</varlistentry>
657
771
</varlistentry>
658
772
<varlistentry>
659
773
<term>
660
RFC 5081: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for Transport Layer
661
Security</citetitle>
662
</term>
663
<listitem>
664
<para>
665
This is implemented by GnuTLS and used by this server so
666
that OpenPGP keys can be used.
774
RFC 7250: <citetitle>Using Raw Public Keys in Transport
775
Layer Security (TLS) and Datagram Transport Layer Security
776
(DTLS)</citetitle>
777
</term>
778
<listitem>
779
<para>
780
This is implemented by GnuTLS version 3.6.6 and is, if
781
present, used by this server so that raw public keys can be
782
used.
783
</para>
784
</listitem>
785
</varlistentry>
786
<varlistentry>
787
<term>
788
RFC 6091: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for Transport Layer
789
Security (TLS) Authentication</citetitle>
790
</term>
791
<listitem>
792
<para>
793
This is implemented by GnuTLS before version 3.6.0 and is,
794
if present, used by this server so that OpenPGP keys can be
795
used.
667
796
</para>
668
797
</listitem>
669
798
</varlistentry>
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