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# This program is partly derived from an example program for an Avahi
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# service publisher, downloaded from
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# <http://avahi.org/wiki/PythonPublishExample>. This includes the
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# methods "add" and "remove" in the "AvahiService" class, the
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# "server_state_changed" and "entry_group_state_changed" functions,
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# and some lines in "main".
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# following functions: "AvahiService.add", "AvahiService.remove",
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# "server_state_changed", "entry_group_state_changed", and some lines
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# Everything else is
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# Copyright © 2008 Teddy Hogeborn & Björn Påhlsson
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# Copyright © 2007-2008 Teddy Hogeborn & Björn Påhlsson
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# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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import logging.handlers
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from dbus.mainloop.glib import DBusGMainLoop
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# Brief description of the operation of this program:
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# This server announces itself as a Zeroconf service. Connecting
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# clients use the TLS protocol, with the unusual quirk that this
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# server program acts as a TLS "client" while a connecting client acts
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# as a TLS "server". The client (acting as a TLS "server") must
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# supply an OpenPGP certificate, and the fingerprint of this
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# certificate is used by this server to look up (in a list read from a
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# file at start time) which binary blob to give the client. No other
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# authentication or authorization is done by this server.
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logger = logging.Logger('mandos')
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syslogger = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler\
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(facility = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler.LOG_DAEMON,
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(facility = logging.handlers.SysLogHandler.LOG_DAEMON)
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syslogger.setFormatter(logging.Formatter\
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('Mandos: %(levelname)s: %(message)s'))
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('%(levelname)s: %(message)s'))
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logger.addHandler(syslogger)
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console = logging.StreamHandler()
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console.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('%(name)s: %(levelname)s:'
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logger.addHandler(console)
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class AvahiError(Exception):
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def __init__(self, value):
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super(AvahiError, self).__init__()
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return repr(self.value)
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class AvahiService(object):
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"""An Avahi (Zeroconf) service.
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interface: integer; avahi.IF_UNSPEC or an interface index.
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Used to optionally bind to the specified interface.
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name: string; Example: 'Mandos'
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type: string; Example: '_mandos._tcp'.
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See <http://www.dns-sd.org/ServiceTypes.html>
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port: integer; what port to announce
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TXT: list of strings; TXT record for the service
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domain: string; Domain to publish on, default to .local if empty.
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host: string; Host to publish records for, default is localhost
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max_renames: integer; maximum number of renames
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rename_count: integer; counter so we only rename after collisions
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a sensible number of times
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name = string; Example: "Mandos"
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type = string; Example: "_mandos._tcp".
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See <http://www.dns-sd.org/ServiceTypes.html>
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port = integer; what port to announce
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TXT = list of strings; TXT record for the service
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domain = string; Domain to publish on, default to .local if empty.
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host = string; Host to publish records for, default to localhost
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max_renames = integer; maximum number of renames
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rename_count = integer; counter so we only rename after collisions
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a sensible number of times
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def __init__(self, interface = avahi.IF_UNSPEC, name = None,
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servicetype = None, port = None, TXT = None, domain = "",
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host = "", max_renames = 32768):
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type = None, port = None, TXT = None, domain = "",
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host = "", max_renames = 12):
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"""An Avahi (Zeroconf) service. """
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self.interface = interface
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self.type = servicetype
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self.domain = domain
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self.rename_count = 0
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self.max_renames = max_renames
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def rename(self):
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"""Derived from the Avahi example code"""
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if self.rename_count >= self.max_renames:
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logger.critical(u"No suitable Zeroconf service name found"
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u" after %i retries, exiting.",
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logger.critical(u"No suitable service name found after %i"
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u" retries, exiting.", rename_count)
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raise AvahiServiceError("Too many renames")
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self.name = server.GetAlternativeServiceName(self.name)
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logger.info(u"Changing Zeroconf service name to %r ...",
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syslogger.setFormatter(logging.Formatter\
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('Mandos (%s): %%(levelname)s:'
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' %%(message)s' % self.name))
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name = server.GetAlternativeServiceName(name)
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logger.notice(u"Changing name to %r ...", name)
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self.rename_count += 1
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interval = property(lambda self: self._interval,
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del _set_interval
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def __init__(self, name = None, stop_hook=None, config=None):
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"""Note: the 'checker' key in 'config' sets the
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'checker_command' attribute and *not* the 'checker'
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def __init__(self, name=None, stop_hook=None, fingerprint=None,
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secret=None, secfile=None, fqdn=None, timeout=None,
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interval=-1, checker=None):
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"""Note: the 'checker' argument sets the 'checker_command'
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attribute and not the 'checker' attribute.."""
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logger.debug(u"Creating client %r", self.name)
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# Uppercase and remove spaces from fingerprint for later
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# comparison purposes with return value from the fingerprint()
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self.fingerprint = config["fingerprint"].upper()\
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# Uppercase and remove spaces from fingerprint
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# for later comparison purposes with return value of
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# the fingerprint() function
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self.fingerprint = fingerprint.upper().replace(u" ", u"")
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logger.debug(u" Fingerprint: %s", self.fingerprint)
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if "secret" in config:
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self.secret = config["secret"].decode(u"base64")
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elif "secfile" in config:
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secfile = open(config["secfile"])
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self.secret = secfile.read()
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self.secret = secret.decode(u"base64")
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self.secret = sf.read()
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raise TypeError(u"No secret or secfile for client %s"
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self.host = config.get("host", "")
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self.created = datetime.datetime.now()
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self.last_checked_ok = None
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self.timeout = string_to_delta(config["timeout"])
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self.interval = string_to_delta(config["interval"])
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self.timeout = string_to_delta(timeout)
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self.interval = string_to_delta(interval)
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self.stop_hook = stop_hook
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self.checker = None
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self.checker_initiator_tag = None
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self.stop_initiator_tag = None
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self.checker_callback_tag = None
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self.check_command = config["checker"]
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self.check_command = checker
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"""Start this client's checker and timeout hooks"""
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# Schedule a new checker to be started an 'interval' from now,
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u' %s', self.check_command, error)
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return True # Try again later
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logger.info(u"Starting checker %r for %s",
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# We don't need to redirect stdout and stderr, since
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# in normal mode, that is already done by daemon(),
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# and in debug mode we don't want to. (Stdin is
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# always replaced by /dev/null.)
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logger.debug(u"Starting checker %r for %s",
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self.checker = subprocess.Popen(command,
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shell=True, cwd="/")
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self.checker_callback_tag = gobject.child_watch_add\
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(self.checker.pid,
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self.checker_callback)
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except OSError, error:
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except subprocess.OSError, error:
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logger.error(u"Failed to start subprocess: %s",
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# Re-run this periodically if run by gobject.timeout_add
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def fingerprint(openpgp):
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"Convert an OpenPGP bytestring to a hexdigit fingerprint string"
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# New empty GnuTLS certificate
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crt = gnutls.library.types.gnutls_openpgp_crt_t()
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gnutls.library.functions.gnutls_openpgp_crt_init\
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# New GnuTLS "datum" with the OpenPGP public key
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datum = gnutls.library.types.gnutls_datum_t\
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(ctypes.cast(ctypes.c_char_p(openpgp),
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ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_ubyte)),
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ctypes.c_uint(len(openpgp)))
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# New empty GnuTLS certificate
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crt = gnutls.library.types.gnutls_openpgp_crt_t()
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gnutls.library.functions.gnutls_openpgp_crt_init\
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# Import the OpenPGP public key into the certificate
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gnutls.library.functions.gnutls_openpgp_crt_import\
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(crt, ctypes.byref(datum),
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gnutls.library.constants.GNUTLS_OPENPGP_FMT_RAW)
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# Verify the self signature in the key
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crtverify = ctypes.c_uint()
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gnutls.library.functions.gnutls_openpgp_crt_verify_self\
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(crt, 0, ctypes.byref(crtverify))
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if crtverify.value != 0:
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gnutls.library.functions.gnutls_openpgp_crt_deinit(crt)
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raise gnutls.errors.CertificateSecurityError("Verify failed")
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ret = gnutls.library.functions.gnutls_openpgp_crt_import\
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gnutls.library.constants.GNUTLS_OPENPGP_FMT_RAW)
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# New buffer for the fingerprint
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buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(20)
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buf_len = ctypes.c_size_t()
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buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(20)
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buffer_length = ctypes.c_size_t()
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# Get the fingerprint from the certificate into the buffer
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gnutls.library.functions.gnutls_openpgp_crt_get_fingerprint\
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(crt, ctypes.byref(buf), ctypes.byref(buf_len))
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(crt, ctypes.byref(buffer), ctypes.byref(buffer_length))
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# Deinit the certificate
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gnutls.library.functions.gnutls_openpgp_crt_deinit(crt)
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# Convert the buffer to a Python bytestring
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fpr = ctypes.string_at(buf, buf_len.value)
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fpr = ctypes.string_at(buffer, buffer_length.value)
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# Convert the bytestring to hexadecimal notation
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hex_fpr = u''.join(u"%02X" % ord(char) for char in fpr)
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class TCP_handler(SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler, object):
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class tcp_handler(SocketServer.BaseRequestHandler, object):
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"""A TCP request handler class.
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Instantiated by IPv6_TCPServer for each request to handle it.
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Note: This will run in its own forked process."""
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def handle(self):
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logger.info(u"TCP connection from: %s",
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logger.debug(u"TCP connection from: %s",
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unicode(self.client_address))
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session = gnutls.connection.ClientSession\
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(self.request, gnutls.connection.X509Credentials())
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line = self.request.makefile().readline()
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logger.debug(u"Protocol version: %r", line)
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if int(line.strip().split()[0]) > 1:
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except (ValueError, IndexError, RuntimeError), error:
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logger.error(u"Unknown protocol version: %s", error)
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# Note: gnutls.connection.X509Credentials is really a generic
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# GnuTLS certificate credentials object so long as no X.509
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# keys are added to it. Therefore, we can use it here despite
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if self.server.settings["priority"]:
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priority = self.server.settings["priority"]
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gnutls.library.functions.gnutls_priority_set_direct\
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(session._c_object, priority, None)
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(session._c_object, priority, None);
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session.handshake()
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except gnutls.errors.GNUTLSError, error:
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logger.warning(u"Handshake failed: %s", error)
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logger.debug(u"Handshake failed: %s", error)
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# Do not run session.bye() here: the session is not
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# established. Just abandon the request.
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fpr = fingerprint(peer_certificate(session))
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except (TypeError, gnutls.errors.GNUTLSError), error:
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logger.warning(u"Bad certificate: %s", error)
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logger.debug(u"Bad certificate: %s", error)
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logger.debug(u"Fingerprint: %s", fpr)
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self.settings["interface"])
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except socket.error, error:
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if error[0] == errno.EPERM:
549
logger.error(u"No permission to"
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u" bind to interface %s",
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self.settings["interface"])
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logger.warning(u"No permission to"
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u" bind to interface %s",
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self.settings["interface"])
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# Only bind(2) the socket if we really need to.
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in6addr_any = "::"
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self.server_address = (in6addr_any,
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self.server_address[1])
560
elif not self.server_address[1]:
532
elif self.server_address[1] is None:
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self.server_address = (self.server_address[0],
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# if self.settings["interface"]:
564
# self.server_address = (self.server_address[0],
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return super(IPv6_TCPServer, self).server_bind()
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def server_activate(self):
573
return super(IPv6_TCPServer, self).server_activate()
535
return super(type(self), self).server_bind()
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def string_to_delta(interval):
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datetime.timedelta(1)
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>>> string_to_delta(u'1w')
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datetime.timedelta(7)
591
>>> string_to_delta('5m 30s')
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datetime.timedelta(0, 330)
594
timevalue = datetime.timedelta(0)
595
for s in interval.split():
597
suffix = unicode(s[-1])
600
delta = datetime.timedelta(value)
602
delta = datetime.timedelta(0, value)
604
delta = datetime.timedelta(0, 0, 0, 0, value)
606
delta = datetime.timedelta(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, value)
608
delta = datetime.timedelta(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, value)
611
except (ValueError, IndexError):
553
suffix=unicode(interval[-1])
554
value=int(interval[:-1])
556
delta = datetime.timedelta(value)
558
delta = datetime.timedelta(0, value)
560
delta = datetime.timedelta(0, 0, 0, 0, value)
562
delta = datetime.timedelta(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, value)
564
delta = datetime.timedelta(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, value)
567
except (ValueError, IndexError):
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def server_state_changed(state):
618
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"""Derived from the Avahi example code"""
619
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if state == avahi.SERVER_COLLISION:
620
logger.error(u"Zeroconf server name collision")
575
logger.warning(u"Server name collision")
622
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elif state == avahi.SERVER_RUNNING:
626
581
def entry_group_state_changed(state, error):
627
582
"""Derived from the Avahi example code"""
628
logger.debug(u"Avahi state change: %i", state)
583
logger.debug(u"state change: %i", state)
630
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if state == avahi.ENTRY_GROUP_ESTABLISHED:
631
logger.debug(u"Zeroconf service established.")
586
logger.debug(u"Service established.")
632
587
elif state == avahi.ENTRY_GROUP_COLLISION:
633
logger.warning(u"Zeroconf service name collision.")
588
logger.warning(u"Service name collision.")
635
590
elif state == avahi.ENTRY_GROUP_FAILURE:
636
logger.critical(u"Avahi: Error in group state changed %s",
591
logger.critical(u"Error in group state changed %s",
638
593
raise AvahiGroupError("State changed: %s", str(error))
640
def if_nametoindex(interface):
595
def if_nametoindex(interface, _func=[None]):
641
596
"""Call the C function if_nametoindex(), or equivalent"""
642
global if_nametoindex
597
if _func[0] is not None:
598
return _func[0](interface)
644
if_nametoindex = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary\
645
(ctypes.util.find_library("c")).if_nametoindex
600
if "ctypes.util" not in sys.modules:
604
libc = ctypes.cdll.LoadLibrary\
605
(ctypes.util.find_library("c"))
606
_func[0] = libc.if_nametoindex
607
return _func[0](interface)
646
611
except (OSError, AttributeError):
647
612
if "struct" not in sys.modules:
649
614
if "fcntl" not in sys.modules:
651
def if_nametoindex(interface):
616
def the_hard_way(interface):
652
617
"Get an interface index the hard way, i.e. using fcntl()"
653
618
SIOCGIFINDEX = 0x8933 # From /usr/include/linux/sockios.h
654
619
s = socket.socket()
693
660
help="Port number to receive requests on")
694
661
parser.add_option("--check", action="store_true", default=False,
695
662
help="Run self-test")
696
parser.add_option("--debug", action="store_true",
663
parser.add_option("--debug", action="store_true", default=False,
697
664
help="Debug mode; run in foreground and log to"
699
666
parser.add_option("--priority", type="string", help="GnuTLS"
724
691
# Parse config file for server-global settings
725
692
server_config = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser(server_defaults)
726
693
del server_defaults
727
server_config.read(os.path.join(options.configdir, "mandos.conf"))
694
server_config.read(os.path.join(options.configdir, "server.conf"))
695
server_section = "server"
728
696
# Convert the SafeConfigParser object to a dict
729
server_settings = server_config.defaults()
697
server_settings = dict(server_config.items(server_section))
730
698
# Use getboolean on the boolean config option
731
699
server_settings["debug"] = server_config.getboolean\
700
(server_section, "debug")
733
701
del server_config
735
703
# Override the settings from the config file with command line
743
711
# Now we have our good server settings in "server_settings"
745
debug = server_settings["debug"]
748
syslogger.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
749
console.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
751
if server_settings["servicename"] != "Mandos":
752
syslogger.setFormatter(logging.Formatter\
753
('Mandos (%s): %%(levelname)s:'
755
% server_settings["servicename"]))
757
713
# Parse config file with clients
758
714
client_defaults = { "timeout": "1h",
759
715
"interval": "5m",
760
"checker": "fping -q -- %(host)s",
716
"checker": "fping -q -- %%(fqdn)s",
763
718
client_config = ConfigParser.SafeConfigParser(client_defaults)
764
719
client_config.read(os.path.join(server_settings["configdir"],
768
tcp_server = IPv6_TCPServer((server_settings["address"],
769
server_settings["port"]),
771
settings=server_settings,
773
pidfilename = "/var/run/mandos.pid"
775
pidfile = open(pidfilename, "w")
776
except IOError, error:
777
logger.error("Could not open file %r", pidfilename)
782
uid = pwd.getpwnam("mandos").pw_uid
785
uid = pwd.getpwnam("nobody").pw_uid
789
gid = pwd.getpwnam("mandos").pw_gid
792
gid = pwd.getpwnam("nogroup").pw_gid
798
except OSError, error:
799
if error[0] != errno.EPERM:
803
723
service = AvahiService(name = server_settings["servicename"],
804
servicetype = "_mandos._tcp", )
724
type = "_mandos._tcp", );
805
725
if server_settings["interface"]:
806
service.interface = if_nametoindex\
807
(server_settings["interface"])
726
service.interface = if_nametoindex(server_settings["interface"])
813
732
DBusGMainLoop(set_as_default=True )
814
733
main_loop = gobject.MainLoop()
815
734
bus = dbus.SystemBus()
816
server = dbus.Interface(bus.get_object(avahi.DBUS_NAME,
817
avahi.DBUS_PATH_SERVER),
818
avahi.DBUS_INTERFACE_SERVER)
735
server = dbus.Interface(
736
bus.get_object( avahi.DBUS_NAME, avahi.DBUS_PATH_SERVER ),
737
avahi.DBUS_INTERFACE_SERVER )
819
738
# End of Avahi example code
740
debug = server_settings["debug"]
743
console = logging.StreamHandler()
744
# console.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
745
console.setFormatter(logging.Formatter\
746
('%(levelname)s: %(message)s'))
747
logger.addHandler(console)
821
751
def remove_from_clients(client):
822
752
clients.remove(client)
824
logger.critical(u"No clients left, exiting")
754
logger.debug(u"No clients left, exiting")
827
clients.update(Set(Client(name = section,
757
clients.update(Set(Client(name=section,
828
758
stop_hook = remove_from_clients,
830
= dict(client_config.items(section)))
759
**(dict(client_config\
831
761
for section in client_config.sections()))
833
logger.critical(u"No clients defined")
837
# Redirect stdin so all checkers get /dev/null
838
null = os.open(os.path.devnull, os.O_NOCTTY | os.O_RDWR)
839
os.dup2(null, sys.stdin.fileno())
844
logger.removeHandler(console)
845
# Close all input and output, do double fork, etc.
850
pidfile.write(str(pid) + "\n")
854
logger.error(u"Could not write to file %r with PID %d",
857
# "pidfile" was never created
862
767
"Cleanup function; run on exit"
882
787
for client in clients:
886
tcp_server.server_activate()
790
tcp_server = IPv6_TCPServer((server_settings["address"],
791
server_settings["port"]),
793
settings=server_settings,
888
795
# Find out what port we got
889
796
service.port = tcp_server.socket.getsockname()[1]
890
logger.info(u"Now listening on address %r, port %d, flowinfo %d,"
891
u" scope_id %d" % tcp_server.socket.getsockname())
797
logger.debug(u"Now listening on address %r, port %d, flowinfo %d,"
798
u" scope_id %d" % tcp_server.socket.getsockname())
893
800
#service.interface = tcp_server.socket.getsockname()[3]