1
1
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2
2
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3
3
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4
<!ENTITY VERSION "1.0">
5
4
<!ENTITY COMMANDNAME "mandos">
6
<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2008-08-31">
5
<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2011-11-26">
6
<!ENTITY % common SYSTEM "common.ent">
9
10
<refentry xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
11
12
<title>Mandos Manual</title>
12
13
<!-- NWalsh’s docbook scripts use this to generate the footer: -->
13
14
<productname>Mandos</productname>
14
<productnumber>&VERSION;</productnumber>
15
<productnumber>&version;</productnumber>
15
16
<date>&TIMESTAMP;</date>
18
19
<firstname>Björn</firstname>
19
20
<surname>Påhlsson</surname>
21
<email>belorn@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
22
<email>belorn@recompile.se</email>
25
26
<firstname>Teddy</firstname>
26
27
<surname>Hogeborn</surname>
28
<email>teddy@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
29
<email>teddy@recompile.se</email>
34
38
<holder>Teddy Hogeborn</holder>
35
39
<holder>Björn Påhlsson</holder>
37
41
<xi:include href="legalnotice.xml"/>
41
45
<refentrytitle>&COMMANDNAME;</refentrytitle>
42
46
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
83
87
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
85
89
<arg><option>--debug</option></arg>
91
<arg><option>--debuglevel
92
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></arg>
94
<arg><option>--no-dbus</option></arg>
96
<arg><option>--no-ipv6</option></arg>
98
<arg><option>--no-restore</option></arg>
100
<arg><option>--statedir
101
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
88
104
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
100
116
<arg choice="plain"><option>--check</option></arg>
102
118
</refsynopsisdiv>
104
120
<refsect1 id="description">
105
121
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
107
123
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a server daemon which
108
124
handles incoming request for passwords for a pre-defined list of
109
client host computers. The Mandos server uses Zeroconf to
110
announce itself on the local network, and uses TLS to
111
communicate securely with and to authenticate the clients. The
112
Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to use IPv6
113
link-local addresses, since the clients will probably not have
114
any other addresses configured (see <xref linkend="overview"/>).
115
Any authenticated client is then given the stored pre-encrypted
116
password for that specific client.
125
client host computers. For an introduction, see
126
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
127
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The Mandos server
128
uses Zeroconf to announce itself on the local network, and uses
129
TLS to communicate securely with and to authenticate the
130
clients. The Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to
131
use IPv6 link-local addresses, since the clients will probably
132
not have any other addresses configured (see <xref
133
linkend="overview"/>). Any authenticated client is then given
134
the stored pre-encrypted password for that specific client.
121
138
<refsect1 id="purpose">
122
139
<title>PURPOSE</title>
125
141
The purpose of this is to enable <emphasis>remote and unattended
126
142
rebooting</emphasis> of client host computer with an
127
143
<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. See <xref
128
144
linkend="overview"/> for details.
133
148
<refsect1 id="options">
134
149
<title>OPTIONS</title>
138
152
<term><option>--help</option></term>
190
204
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="debug"/>
209
<term><option>--debuglevel
210
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></term>
213
Set the debugging log level.
214
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is a string, one of
215
<quote><literal>CRITICAL</literal></quote>,
216
<quote><literal>ERROR</literal></quote>,
217
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>,
218
<quote><literal>INFO</literal></quote>, or
219
<quote><literal>DEBUG</literal></quote>, in order of
220
increasing verbosity. The default level is
221
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>.
195
227
<term><option>--priority <replaceable>
196
228
PRIORITY</replaceable></option></term>
268
<term><option>--no-dbus</option></term>
270
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="dbus"/>
272
See also <xref linkend="dbus_interface"/>.
278
<term><option>--no-ipv6</option></term>
280
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="ipv6"/>
285
<term><option>--no-restore</option></term>
287
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="restore"/>
292
<term><option>--statedir
293
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
295
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="statedir"/>
237
301
<refsect1 id="overview">
238
302
<title>OVERVIEW</title>
239
303
<xi:include href="overview.xml"/>
241
305
This program is the server part. It is a normal server program
242
306
and will run in a normal system environment, not in an initial
243
RAM disk environment.
307
<acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
247
311
<refsect1 id="protocol">
248
312
<title>NETWORK PROTOCOL</title>
302
366
</tbody></tgroup></table>
305
369
<refsect1 id="checking">
306
370
<title>CHECKING</title>
308
372
The server will, by default, continually check that the clients
309
373
are still up. If a client has not been confirmed as being up
310
374
for some time, the client is assumed to be compromised and is no
311
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. The timeout,
312
checker program, and interval between checks can be configured
313
both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
375
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. (Manual
376
intervention is required to re-enable a client.) The timeout,
377
extended timeout, checker program, and interval between checks
378
can be configured both globally and per client; see
379
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
380
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. A client successfully
381
receiving its password will also be treated as a successful
386
<refsect1 id="approval">
387
<title>APPROVAL</title>
389
The server can be configured to require manual approval for a
390
client before it is sent its secret. The delay to wait for such
391
approval and the default action (approve or deny) can be
392
configured both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
314
393
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
315
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
394
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. By default all clients
395
will be approved immediately without delay.
398
This can be used to deny a client its secret if not manually
399
approved within a specified time. It can also be used to make
400
the server delay before giving a client its secret, allowing
401
optional manual denying of this specific client.
319
406
<refsect1 id="logging">
320
407
<title>LOGGING</title>
322
409
The server will send log message with various severity levels to
323
<filename>/dev/log</filename>. With the
410
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename>. With the
324
411
<option>--debug</option> option, it will log even more messages,
325
412
and also show them on the console.
416
<refsect1 id="dbus_interface">
417
<title>D-BUS INTERFACE</title>
419
The server will by default provide a D-Bus system bus interface.
420
This interface will only be accessible by the root user or a
421
Mandos-specific user, if such a user exists. For documentation
422
of the D-Bus API, see the file <filename>DBUS-API</filename>.
329
426
<refsect1 id="exit_status">
330
427
<title>EXIT STATUS</title>
386
<term><filename>/var/run/mandos/mandos.pid</filename></term>
389
The file containing the process id of
390
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>.
483
<term><filename>/var/run/mandos.pid</filename></term>
486
The file containing the process id of the
487
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> process started last.
492
<term><filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename></term>
496
class="directory">/var/lib/mandos</filename></term>
499
Directory where persistent state will be saved. Change
500
this with the <option>--statedir</option> option. See
501
also the <option>--no-restore</option> option.
421
532
backtrace. This could be considered a feature.
424
Currently, if a client is declared <quote>invalid</quote> due to
425
having timed out, the server does not record this fact onto
426
permanent storage. This has some security implications, see
427
<xref linkend="CLIENTS"/>.
430
There is currently no way of querying the server of the current
431
status of clients, other than analyzing its <systemitem
432
class="service">syslog</systemitem> output.
435
535
There is no fine-grained control over logging and debug output.
438
538
Debug mode is conflated with running in the foreground.
441
The console log messages does not show a timestamp.
541
This server does not check the expire time of clients’ OpenPGP
455
556
<informalexample>
457
558
Run the server in debug mode, read configuration files from
458
the <filename>~/mandos</filename> directory, and use the
459
Zeroconf service name <quote>Test</quote> to not collide with
460
any other official Mandos server on this host:
559
the <filename class="directory">~/mandos</filename> directory,
560
and use the Zeroconf service name <quote>Test</quote> to not
561
collide with any other official Mandos server on this host:
480
581
</informalexample>
483
584
<refsect1 id="security">
484
585
<title>SECURITY</title>
485
<refsect2 id="SERVER">
586
<refsect2 id="server">
486
587
<title>SERVER</title>
488
589
Running this <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> server program
489
590
should not in itself present any security risk to the host
490
computer running it. The program does not need any special
491
privileges to run, and is designed to run as a non-root user.
591
computer running it. The program switches to a non-root user
494
<refsect2 id="CLIENTS">
595
<refsect2 id="clients">
495
596
<title>CLIENTS</title>
497
598
The server only gives out its stored data to clients which
504
605
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
505
606
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
506
607
<emphasis>must</emphasis> be made non-readable by anyone
507
except the user running the server.
608
except the user starting the server (usually root).
510
611
As detailed in <xref linkend="checking"/>, the status of all
512
613
compromised if they are gone for too long.
515
If a client is compromised, its downtime should be duly noted
516
by the server which would therefore declare the client
517
invalid. But if the server was ever restarted, it would
518
re-read its client list from its configuration file and again
519
regard all clients therein as valid, and hence eligible to
520
receive their passwords. Therefore, be careful when
521
restarting servers if it is suspected that a client has, in
522
fact, been compromised by parties who may now be running a
523
fake Mandos client with the keys from the non-encrypted
524
initial RAM image of the client host. What should be done in
525
that case (if restarting the server program really is
526
necessary) is to stop the server program, edit the
527
configuration file to omit any suspect clients, and restart
531
616
For more details on client-side security, see
532
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
617
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
533
618
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
538
623
<refsect1 id="see_also">
539
624
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
542
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
543
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
544
<refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
545
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
546
<refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
547
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
548
<refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
626
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
627
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
628
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
629
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
630
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
631
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
632
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
633
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
634
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle>
635
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>