1
1
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl"
3
href="http://docbook.sourceforge.net/release/xsl/current/manpages/docbook.xsl"?>
4
2
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
5
3
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
6
<!ENTITY VERSION "1.0">
7
<!ENTITY COMMANDNAME "password-request">
8
<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2008-08-31">
4
<!ENTITY COMMANDNAME "mandos-client">
5
<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2011-10-03">
6
<!ENTITY % common SYSTEM "../common.ent">
10
<refentry xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
13
12
<title>Mandos Manual</title>
14
<!-- Nwalsh’s docbook scripts use this to generate the footer: -->
13
<!-- NWalsh’s docbook scripts use this to generate the footer: -->
15
14
<productname>Mandos</productname>
16
<productnumber>&VERSION;</productnumber>
15
<productnumber>&version;</productnumber>
17
16
<date>&TIMESTAMP;</date>
20
19
<firstname>Björn</firstname>
21
20
<surname>Påhlsson</surname>
23
<email>belorn@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
22
<email>belorn@recompile.se</email>
27
26
<firstname>Teddy</firstname>
28
27
<surname>Hogeborn</surname>
30
<email>teddy@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
29
<email>teddy@recompile.se</email>
36
37
<holder>Teddy Hogeborn</holder>
37
38
<holder>Björn Påhlsson</holder>
41
This manual page is free software: you can redistribute it
42
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
43
License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
44
either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
49
This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will
50
be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
51
implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
52
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
57
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
58
License along with this program; If not, see
59
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/"/>.
40
<xi:include href="../legalnotice.xml"/>
65
44
<refentrytitle>&COMMANDNAME;</refentrytitle>
66
45
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum>
146
126
</refsynopsisdiv>
148
128
<refsect1 id="description">
149
129
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
151
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a mandos plugin that works
152
like a client program that through avahi detects mandos servers,
153
sets up a gnutls connect and request a encrypted password. Any
154
passwords given is automaticly decrypted and passed to
131
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a client program that
132
communicates with <citerefentry><refentrytitle
133
>mandos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
134
to get a password. In slightly more detail, this client program
135
brings up a network interface, uses the interface’s IPv6
136
link-local address to get network connectivity, uses Zeroconf to
137
find servers on the local network, and communicates with servers
138
using TLS with an OpenPGP key to ensure authenticity and
139
confidentiality. This client program keeps running, trying all
140
servers on the network, until it receives a satisfactory reply
141
or a TERM signal. After all servers have been tried, all
142
servers are periodically retried. If no servers are found it
143
will wait indefinitely for new servers to appear.
146
This program is not meant to be run directly; it is really meant
147
to run as a plugin of the <application>Mandos</application>
148
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
149
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which runs in the
150
initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment because it is
151
specified as a <quote>keyscript</quote> in the <citerefentry>
152
<refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
153
</citerefentry> file.
157
<refsect1 id="purpose">
158
<title>PURPOSE</title>
160
The purpose of this is to enable <emphasis>remote and unattended
161
rebooting</emphasis> of client host computer with an
162
<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. See <xref
163
linkend="overview"/> for details.
159
167
<refsect1 id="options">
160
168
<title>OPTIONS</title>
162
Commonly not invoked as command lines but from configuration
163
file of plugin runner.
170
This program is commonly not invoked from the command line; it
171
is normally started by the <application>Mandos</application>
172
plugin runner, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle
173
>plugin-runner</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum>
174
</citerefentry>. Any command line options this program accepts
175
are therefore normally provided by the plugin runner, and not
168
181
<term><option>--connect=<replaceable
169
>IPADDR</replaceable><literal>:</literal><replaceable
182
>ADDRESS</replaceable><literal>:</literal><replaceable
170
183
>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
172
<replaceable>IPADDR</replaceable><literal>:</literal
185
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable><literal>:</literal
173
186
><replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
176
Connect directly to a specified mandos server
189
Do not use Zeroconf to locate servers. Connect directly
190
to only one specified <application>Mandos</application>
191
server. Note that an IPv6 address has colon characters in
192
it, so the <emphasis>last</emphasis> colon character is
193
assumed to separate the address from the port number.
182
<term><option>--keydir=<replaceable
183
>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
185
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
188
Directory where the openpgp keyring is
196
This option is normally only useful for testing and
194
<term><option>--interface=
195
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
203
<term><option>--interface=<replaceable
204
>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
197
206
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
200
Interface that Avahi will connect through
209
Network interface that will be brought up and scanned for
210
Mandos servers to connect to. The default is the empty
211
string, which will automatically choose an appropriate
215
If the <option>--connect</option> option is used, this
216
specifies the interface to use to connect to the address
220
Note that since this program will normally run in the
221
initial RAM disk environment, the interface must be an
222
interface which exists at that stage. Thus, the interface
223
can not be a pseudo-interface such as <quote>br0</quote>
224
or <quote>tun0</quote>; such interfaces will not exist
225
until much later in the boot process, and can not be used
229
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable> can be the string
230
<quote><literal>none</literal></quote>; this will not use
231
any specific interface, and will not bring up an interface
232
on startup. This is not recommended, and only meant for
206
239
<term><option>--pubkey=<replaceable
207
240
>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
230
267
<term><option>--priority=<replaceable
231
268
>STRING</replaceable></option></term>
270
<xi:include href="../mandos-options.xml"
271
xpointer="priority"/>
240
276
<term><option>--dh-bits=<replaceable
241
277
>BITS</replaceable></option></term>
244
DH bits to use in gnutls communication
280
Sets the number of bits to use for the prime number in the
281
TLS Diffie-Hellman key exchange. Default is 1024.
287
<term><option>--delay=<replaceable
288
>SECONDS</replaceable></option></term>
291
After bringing the network interface up, the program waits
292
for the interface to arrive in a <quote>running</quote>
293
state before proceeding. During this time, the kernel log
294
level will be lowered to reduce clutter on the system
295
console, alleviating any other plugins which might be
296
using the system console. This option sets the upper
297
limit of seconds to wait. The default is 2.5 seconds.
303
<term><option>--retry=<replaceable
304
>SECONDS</replaceable></option></term>
307
All Mandos servers are tried repeatedly until a password
308
is received. This value specifies, in seconds, how long
309
between each successive try <emphasis>for the same
310
server</emphasis>. The default is 10 seconds.
269
342
<term><option>--usage</option></term>
272
Gives a short usage message
345
Gives a short usage message.
278
351
<term><option>--version</option></term>
279
352
<term><option>-V</option></term>
282
Prints the program version
355
Prints the program version.
362
<refsect1 id="overview">
363
<title>OVERVIEW</title>
364
<xi:include href="../overview.xml"/>
366
This program is the client part. It is a plugin started by
367
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
368
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry> which will run in
369
an initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
372
This program could, theoretically, be used as a keyscript in
373
<filename>/etc/crypttab</filename>, but it would then be
374
impossible to enter a password for the encrypted root disk at
375
the console, since this program does not read from the console
376
at all. This is why a separate plugin runner (<citerefentry>
377
<refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
378
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>) is used to run
379
both this program and others in in parallel,
380
<emphasis>one</emphasis> of which will prompt for passwords on
289
385
<refsect1 id="exit_status">
290
386
<title>EXIT STATUS</title>
388
This program will exit with a successful (zero) exit status if a
389
server could be found and the password received from it could be
390
successfully decrypted and output on standard output. The
391
program will exit with a non-zero exit status only if a critical
392
error occurs. Otherwise, it will forever connect to any
393
discovered <application>Mandos</application> servers, trying to
394
get a decryptable password and print it.
295
398
<refsect1 id="environment">
296
399
<title>ENVIRONMENT</title>
401
This program does not use any environment variables, not even
402
the ones provided by <citerefentry><refentrytitle
403
>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
408
<refsect1 id="files">
302
409
<title>FILES</title>
412
<term><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/pubkey.txt</filename
414
<term><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/seckey.txt</filename
418
OpenPGP public and private key files, in <quote>ASCII
419
Armor</quote> format. These are the default file names,
420
they can be changed with the <option>--pubkey</option> and
421
<option>--seckey</option> options.
428
<!-- <refsect1 id="bugs"> -->
429
<!-- <title>BUGS</title> -->
313
434
<refsect1 id="example">
314
435
<title>EXAMPLE</title>
437
Note that normally, command line options will not be given
438
directly, but via options for the Mandos <citerefentry
439
><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
440
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
444
Normal invocation needs no options, if the network interface
445
is <quote>eth0</quote>:
448
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME;</userinput>
453
Search for Mandos servers (and connect to them) using another
457
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
458
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --interface eth1</userinput>
463
Run in debug mode, and use a custom key:
467
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
468
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt</userinput>
474
Run in debug mode, with a custom key, and do not use Zeroconf
475
to locate a server; connect directly to the IPv6 link-local
476
address <quote><systemitem class="ipaddress"
477
>fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2</systemitem></quote>, port 4711,
478
using interface eth2:
482
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
483
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt --connect fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2:4711 --interface eth2</userinput>
319
489
<refsect1 id="security">
320
490
<title>SECURITY</title>
492
This program is set-uid to root, but will switch back to the
493
original (and presumably non-privileged) user and group after
494
bringing up the network interface.
497
To use this program for its intended purpose (see <xref
498
linkend="purpose"/>), the password for the root file system will
499
have to be given out to be stored in a server computer, after
500
having been encrypted using an OpenPGP key. This encrypted data
501
which will be stored in a server can only be decrypted by the
502
OpenPGP key, and the data will only be given out to those
503
clients who can prove they actually have that key. This key,
504
however, is stored unencrypted on the client side in its initial
505
<acronym>RAM</acronym> disk image file system. This is normally
506
readable by all, but this is normally fixed during installation
507
of this program; file permissions are set so that no-one is able
511
The only remaining weak point is that someone with physical
512
access to the client hard drive might turn off the client
513
computer, read the OpenPGP keys directly from the hard drive,
514
and communicate with the server. To safeguard against this, the
515
server is supposed to notice the client disappearing and stop
516
giving out the encrypted data. Therefore, it is important to
517
set the timeout and checker interval values tightly on the
518
server. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle
519
>mandos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
522
It will also help if the checker program on the server is
523
configured to request something from the client which can not be
524
spoofed by someone else on the network, unlike unencrypted
525
<acronym>ICMP</acronym> echo (<quote>ping</quote>) replies.
528
<emphasis>Note</emphasis>: This makes it completely insecure to
529
have <application >Mandos</application> clients which dual-boot
530
to another operating system which is <emphasis>not</emphasis>
531
trusted to keep the initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk image
325
536
<refsect1 id="see_also">
326
537
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
539
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
540
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
541
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle>
542
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
543
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle>
544
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
328
545
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos</refentrytitle>
329
546
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
330
547
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-prompt</refentrytitle>
332
549
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
333
550
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>
337
<ulink url="http://www.zeroconf.org/">Zeroconf</ulink>
341
<ulink url="http://www.avahi.org/">Avahi</ulink>
346
url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/">GnuTLS</ulink>
351
url="http://www.gnupg.org/related_software/gpgme/">
356
<citation>RFC 4880: <citetitle>OpenPGP Message
357
Format</citetitle></citation>
361
<citation>RFC 5081: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for
362
Transport Layer Security</citetitle></citation>
366
<citation>RFC 4291: <citetitle>IP Version 6 Addressing
367
Architecture</citetitle>, section 2.5.6, Link-Local IPv6
368
Unicast Addresses</citation>
555
<ulink url="http://www.zeroconf.org/">Zeroconf</ulink>
559
Zeroconf is the network protocol standard used for finding
560
Mandos servers on the local network.
566
<ulink url="http://www.avahi.org/">Avahi</ulink>
570
Avahi is the library this program calls to find Zeroconf
577
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/"
582
GnuTLS is the library this client uses to implement TLS for
583
communicating securely with the server, and at the same time
584
send the public OpenPGP key to the server.
590
<ulink url="http://www.gnupg.org/related_software/gpgme/"
595
GPGME is the library used to decrypt the OpenPGP data sent
602
RFC 4291: <citetitle>IP Version 6 Addressing
603
Architecture</citetitle>
608
<term>Section 2.2: <citetitle>Text Representation of
609
Addresses</citetitle></term>
610
<listitem><para/></listitem>
613
<term>Section 2.5.5.2: <citetitle>IPv4-Mapped IPv6
614
Address</citetitle></term>
615
<listitem><para/></listitem>
618
<term>Section 2.5.6, <citetitle>Link-Local IPv6 Unicast
619
Addresses</citetitle></term>
622
This client uses IPv6 link-local addresses, which are
623
immediately usable since a link-local addresses is
624
automatically assigned to a network interfaces when it
634
RFC 4346: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
635
Protocol Version 1.1</citetitle>
639
TLS 1.1 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
645
RFC 4880: <citetitle>OpenPGP Message Format</citetitle>
649
The data received from the server is binary encrypted
656
RFC 5081: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for Transport Layer
661
This is implemented by GnuTLS and used by this program so
662
that OpenPGP keys can be used.
374
670
<!-- Local Variables: -->
375
671
<!-- time-stamp-start: "<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP [\"']" -->
376
672
<!-- time-stamp-end: "[\"']>" -->