67
52
<refname><command>&COMMANDNAME;</command></refname>
69
Sends encrypted passwords to authenticated mandos clients
54
Gives encrypted passwords to authenticated Mandos clients
75
60
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
76
<arg choice='opt'>--interface<arg choice='plain'>IF</arg></arg>
77
<arg choice='opt'>--address<arg choice='plain'>ADDRESS</arg></arg>
78
<arg choice='opt'>--port<arg choice='plain'>PORT</arg></arg>
79
<arg choice='opt'>--priority<arg choice='plain'>PRIORITY</arg></arg>
80
<arg choice='opt'>--servicename<arg choice='plain'>NAME</arg></arg>
81
<arg choice='opt'>--configdir<arg choice='plain'>DIRECTORY</arg></arg>
82
<arg choice='opt'>--debug</arg>
85
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
86
<arg choice='plain'>--help</arg>
89
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
90
<arg choice='plain'>--version</arg>
93
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
94
<arg choice='plain'>--check</arg>
62
<arg choice="plain"><option>--interface
63
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
64
<arg choice="plain"><option>-i
65
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
69
<arg choice="plain"><option>--address
70
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></arg>
71
<arg choice="plain"><option>-a
72
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></arg>
76
<arg choice="plain"><option>--port
77
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
78
<arg choice="plain"><option>-p
79
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
82
<arg><option>--priority
83
<replaceable>PRIORITY</replaceable></option></arg>
85
<arg><option>--servicename
86
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
88
<arg><option>--configdir
89
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
91
<arg><option>--debug</option></arg>
93
<arg><option>--debuglevel
94
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></arg>
96
<arg><option>--no-dbus</option></arg>
98
<arg><option>--no-ipv6</option></arg>
100
<arg><option>--no-restore</option></arg>
102
<arg><option>--statedir
103
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
105
<arg><option>--socket
106
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></arg>
108
<arg><option>--foreground</option></arg>
111
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
113
<arg choice="plain"><option>--help</option></arg>
114
<arg choice="plain"><option>-h</option></arg>
118
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
119
<arg choice="plain"><option>--version</option></arg>
122
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
123
<arg choice="plain"><option>--check</option></arg>
98
127
<refsect1 id="description">
99
128
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
101
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a server daemon that handels
102
incomming passwords request for passwords. Mandos use avahi to
103
announce the service, and through gnutls authenticates
104
clients. Any authenticated client is then given its encrypted
130
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a server daemon which
131
handles incoming request for passwords for a pre-defined list of
132
client host computers. For an introduction, see
133
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
134
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The Mandos server
135
uses Zeroconf to announce itself on the local network, and uses
136
TLS to communicate securely with and to authenticate the
137
clients. The Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to
138
use IPv6 link-local addresses, since the clients will probably
139
not have any other addresses configured (see <xref
140
linkend="overview"/>). Any authenticated client is then given
141
the stored pre-encrypted password for that specific client.
145
<refsect1 id="purpose">
146
<title>PURPOSE</title>
148
The purpose of this is to enable <emphasis>remote and unattended
149
rebooting</emphasis> of client host computer with an
150
<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. See <xref
151
linkend="overview"/> for details.
109
155
<refsect1 id="options">
110
156
<title>OPTIONS</title>
114
<term><literal>-h</literal>, <literal>--help</literal></term>
117
show a help message and exit
123
<term><literal>-i</literal>, <literal>--interface <replaceable>
124
IF</replaceable></literal></term>
133
<term><literal>-a</literal>, <literal>--address <replaceable>
134
ADDRESS</replaceable></literal></term>
137
Address to listen for requests on
143
<term><literal>-p</literal>, <literal>--port <replaceable>
144
PORT</replaceable></literal></term>
147
Port number to receive requests on
153
<term><literal>--check</literal></term>
156
Run self-test on the server
162
<term><literal>--debug</literal></term>
171
<term><literal>--priority <replaceable>
172
PRIORITY</replaceable></literal></term>
175
GnuTLS priority string. See <citerefentry>
176
<refentrytitle>gnutls_priority_init</refentrytitle>
177
<manvolnum>3</manvolnum></citerefentry>
183
<term><literal>--servicename <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>
187
Zeroconf service name
193
<term><literal>--configdir <replaceable>DIR</replaceable>
197
Directory to search for configuration files
203
<term><literal>--version</literal></term>
206
Prints the program version
159
<term><option>--help</option></term>
160
<term><option>-h</option></term>
163
Show a help message and exit
169
<term><option>--interface</option>
170
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
171
<term><option>-i</option>
172
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
174
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="interface"/>
179
<term><option>--address
180
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
182
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
184
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="address"/>
190
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
192
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
194
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="port"/>
199
<term><option>--check</option></term>
202
Run the server’s self-tests. This includes any unit
209
<term><option>--debug</option></term>
211
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="debug"/>
216
<term><option>--debuglevel
217
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></term>
220
Set the debugging log level.
221
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is a string, one of
222
<quote><literal>CRITICAL</literal></quote>,
223
<quote><literal>ERROR</literal></quote>,
224
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>,
225
<quote><literal>INFO</literal></quote>, or
226
<quote><literal>DEBUG</literal></quote>, in order of
227
increasing verbosity. The default level is
228
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>.
234
<term><option>--priority <replaceable>
235
PRIORITY</replaceable></option></term>
237
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
238
xpointer="priority_compat"/>
243
<term><option>--servicename
244
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
246
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
247
xpointer="servicename"/>
252
<term><option>--configdir
253
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
256
Directory to search for configuration files. Default is
257
<quote><literal>/etc/mandos</literal></quote>. See
258
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
259
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry>
260
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
261
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
267
<term><option>--version</option></term>
270
Prints the program version and exit.
276
<term><option>--no-dbus</option></term>
278
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="dbus"/>
280
See also <xref linkend="dbus_interface"/>.
286
<term><option>--no-ipv6</option></term>
288
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="ipv6"/>
293
<term><option>--no-restore</option></term>
295
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="restore"/>
297
See also <xref linkend="persistent_state"/>.
303
<term><option>--statedir
304
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
306
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="statedir"/>
311
<term><option>--socket
312
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></term>
314
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="socket"/>
319
<term><option>--foreground</option></term>
321
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
322
xpointer="foreground"/>
329
<refsect1 id="overview">
330
<title>OVERVIEW</title>
331
<xi:include href="overview.xml"/>
333
This program is the server part. It is a normal server program
334
and will run in a normal system environment, not in an initial
335
<acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
339
<refsect1 id="protocol">
340
<title>NETWORK PROTOCOL</title>
342
The Mandos server announces itself as a Zeroconf service of type
343
<quote><literal>_mandos._tcp</literal></quote>. The Mandos
344
client connects to the announced address and port, and sends a
345
line of text where the first whitespace-separated field is the
346
protocol version, which currently is
347
<quote><literal>1</literal></quote>. The client and server then
348
start a TLS protocol handshake with a slight quirk: the Mandos
349
server program acts as a TLS <quote>client</quote> while the
350
connecting Mandos client acts as a TLS <quote>server</quote>.
351
The Mandos client must supply an OpenPGP certificate, and the
352
fingerprint of this certificate is used by the Mandos server to
353
look up (in a list read from <filename>clients.conf</filename>
354
at start time) which binary blob to give the client. No other
355
authentication or authorization is done by the server.
358
<title>Mandos Protocol (Version 1)</title><tgroup cols="3"><thead>
360
<entry>Mandos Client</entry>
361
<entry>Direction</entry>
362
<entry>Mandos Server</entry>
366
<entry>Connect</entry>
367
<entry>-><!-- → --></entry>
370
<entry><quote><literal>1\r\n</literal></quote></entry>
371
<entry>-><!-- → --></entry>
374
<entry>TLS handshake <emphasis>as TLS <quote>server</quote>
376
<entry><-><!-- ⟷ --></entry>
377
<entry>TLS handshake <emphasis>as TLS <quote>client</quote>
381
<entry>OpenPGP public key (part of TLS handshake)</entry>
382
<entry>-><!-- → --></entry>
386
<entry><-<!-- ← --></entry>
387
<entry>Binary blob (client will assume OpenPGP data)</entry>
391
<entry><-<!-- ← --></entry>
394
</tbody></tgroup></table>
397
<refsect1 id="checking">
398
<title>CHECKING</title>
400
The server will, by default, continually check that the clients
401
are still up. If a client has not been confirmed as being up
402
for some time, the client is assumed to be compromised and is no
403
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. (Manual
404
intervention is required to re-enable a client.) The timeout,
405
extended timeout, checker program, and interval between checks
406
can be configured both globally and per client; see
407
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
408
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
412
<refsect1 id="approval">
413
<title>APPROVAL</title>
415
The server can be configured to require manual approval for a
416
client before it is sent its secret. The delay to wait for such
417
approval and the default action (approve or deny) can be
418
configured both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
419
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
420
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. By default all clients
421
will be approved immediately without delay.
424
This can be used to deny a client its secret if not manually
425
approved within a specified time. It can also be used to make
426
the server delay before giving a client its secret, allowing
427
optional manual denying of this specific client.
432
<refsect1 id="logging">
433
<title>LOGGING</title>
435
The server will send log message with various severity levels to
436
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename>. With the
437
<option>--debug</option> option, it will log even more messages,
438
and also show them on the console.
442
<refsect1 id="persistent_state">
443
<title>PERSISTENT STATE</title>
445
Client settings, initially read from
446
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, are persistent across
447
restarts, and run-time changes will override settings in
448
<filename>clients.conf</filename>. However, if a setting is
449
<emphasis>changed</emphasis> (or a client added, or removed) in
450
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, this will take precedence.
454
<refsect1 id="dbus_interface">
455
<title>D-BUS INTERFACE</title>
457
The server will by default provide a D-Bus system bus interface.
458
This interface will only be accessible by the root user or a
459
Mandos-specific user, if such a user exists. For documentation
460
of the D-Bus API, see the file <filename>DBUS-API</filename>.
213
464
<refsect1 id="exit_status">
214
465
<title>EXIT STATUS</title>
467
The server will exit with a non-zero exit status only when a
468
critical error is encountered.
472
<refsect1 id="environment">
473
<title>ENVIRONMENT</title>
476
<term><envar>PATH</envar></term>
479
To start the configured checker (see <xref
480
linkend="checking"/>), the server uses
481
<filename>/bin/sh</filename>, which in turn uses
482
<varname>PATH</varname> to search for matching commands if
483
an absolute path is not given. See <citerefentry>
484
<refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
492
<refsect1 id="files">
220
493
<title>FILES</title>
225
<refsect1 id="notes">
495
Use the <option>--configdir</option> option to change where
496
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> looks for its configurations
497
files. The default file names are listed here.
501
<term><filename>/etc/mandos/mandos.conf</filename></term>
504
Server-global settings. See
505
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
506
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.
511
<term><filename>/etc/mandos/clients.conf</filename></term>
514
List of clients and client-specific settings. See
515
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
516
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.
521
<term><filename>/run/mandos.pid</filename></term>
524
The file containing the process id of the
525
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> process started last.
526
<emphasis >Note:</emphasis> If the <filename
527
class="directory">/run</filename> directory does not
528
exist, <filename>/var/run/mandos.pid</filename> will be
534
<term><filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename></term>
538
class="directory">/var/lib/mandos</filename></term>
541
Directory where persistent state will be saved. Change
542
this with the <option>--statedir</option> option. See
543
also the <option>--no-restore</option> option.
548
<term><filename>/dev/log</filename></term>
551
The Unix domain socket to where local syslog messages are
557
<term><filename>/bin/sh</filename></term>
560
This is used to start the configured checker command for
561
each client. See <citerefentry>
562
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
563
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.
231
570
<refsect1 id="bugs">
232
571
<title>BUGS</title>
237
<refsect1 id="examples">
238
<title>EXAMPLES</title>
573
This server might, on especially fatal errors, emit a Python
574
backtrace. This could be considered a feature.
577
There is no fine-grained control over logging and debug output.
580
This server does not check the expire time of clients’ OpenPGP
585
<refsect1 id="example">
586
<title>EXAMPLE</title>
589
Normal invocation needs no options:
592
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME;</userinput>
597
Run the server in debug mode, read configuration files from
598
the <filename class="directory">~/mandos</filename> directory,
599
and use the Zeroconf service name <quote>Test</quote> to not
600
collide with any other official Mandos server on this host:
604
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
605
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --configdir ~/mandos --servicename Test</userinput>
611
Run the server normally, but only listen to one interface and
612
only on the link-local address on that interface:
616
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
617
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --interface eth7 --address fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2</userinput>
243
623
<refsect1 id="security">
244
624
<title>SECURITY</title>
625
<refsect2 id="server">
626
<title>SERVER</title>
628
Running this <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> server program
629
should not in itself present any security risk to the host
630
computer running it. The program switches to a non-root user
634
<refsect2 id="clients">
635
<title>CLIENTS</title>
637
The server only gives out its stored data to clients which
638
does have the OpenPGP key of the stored fingerprint. This is
639
guaranteed by the fact that the client sends its OpenPGP
640
public key in the TLS handshake; this ensures it to be
641
genuine. The server computes the fingerprint of the key
642
itself and looks up the fingerprint in its list of
643
clients. The <filename>clients.conf</filename> file (see
644
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
645
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
646
<emphasis>must</emphasis> be made non-readable by anyone
647
except the user starting the server (usually root).
650
As detailed in <xref linkend="checking"/>, the status of all
651
client computers will continually be checked and be assumed
652
compromised if they are gone for too long.
655
For more details on client-side security, see
656
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
657
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
249
662
<refsect1 id="see_also">
250
663
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
252
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
253
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
254
<refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
255
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry> and <citerefentry>
256
<refentrytitle>password-prompt</refentrytitle>
257
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>
665
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
666
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
667
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
668
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
669
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
670
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
671
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
672
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
673
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle>
674
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
679
<ulink url="http://www.zeroconf.org/">Zeroconf</ulink>
683
Zeroconf is the network protocol standard used by clients
684
for finding this Mandos server on the local network.
690
<ulink url="http://www.avahi.org/">Avahi</ulink>
694
Avahi is the library this server calls to implement
695
Zeroconf service announcements.
701
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/"
706
GnuTLS is the library this server uses to implement TLS for
707
communicating securely with the client, and at the same time
708
confidently get the client’s public OpenPGP key.
714
RFC 4291: <citetitle>IP Version 6 Addressing
715
Architecture</citetitle>
720
<term>Section 2.2: <citetitle>Text Representation of
721
Addresses</citetitle></term>
722
<listitem><para/></listitem>
725
<term>Section 2.5.5.2: <citetitle>IPv4-Mapped IPv6
726
Address</citetitle></term>
727
<listitem><para/></listitem>
730
<term>Section 2.5.6, <citetitle>Link-Local IPv6 Unicast
731
Addresses</citetitle></term>
734
The clients use IPv6 link-local addresses, which are
735
immediately usable since a link-local addresses is
736
automatically assigned to a network interfaces when it
746
RFC 4346: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
747
Protocol Version 1.1</citetitle>
751
TLS 1.1 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
757
RFC 4880: <citetitle>OpenPGP Message Format</citetitle>
761
The data sent to clients is binary encrypted OpenPGP data.
767
RFC 5081: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for Transport Layer
772
This is implemented by GnuTLS and used by this server so
773
that OpenPGP keys can be used.
780
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781
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782
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783
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