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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a program which is meant to
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be specified as a <quote>keyscript</quote> for the root disk in
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The aim of this
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program is therefore to output a password, which then
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will use to unlock the
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be specified as <quote>keyscript</quote> in <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for the root disk. The
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aim of this program is therefore to output a password, which
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then <citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> will use to try and
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unlock the root disk.
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This program is not meant to be invoked directly, but can be in
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<replaceable>PLUGIN</replaceable><literal>:</literal
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><replaceable>ENV</replaceable><literal>=</literal
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><replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
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<replaceable>PLUGIN</replaceable><literal>:</literal
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><replaceable>ENV</replaceable><literal>=</literal
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><replaceable>value</replaceable></option></term>
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This option will add an environment variable setting to
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the <replaceable>PLUGIN</replaceable> plugin. This will
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override any inherited environment variables or
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environment variables specified using
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<option>--global-env</option>.
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<option>--bar</option> with the option argument
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<quote>baz</quote> is either
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<userinput>--options-for=foo:--bar=baz</userinput> or
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<userinput>--options-for=foo:--bar,baz</userinput>. Using
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<userinput>--options-for="foo:--bar baz"</userinput>. will
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<emphasis>not</emphasis> work.
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<userinput>--options-for=foo:--bar,baz</userinput>, but
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<emphasis>not</emphasis>
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<userinput>--options-for="foo:--bar baz"</userinput>.
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<term><option>--disable
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<term><option> --disable
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<replaceable>PLUGIN</replaceable></option></term>
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<replaceable>PLUGIN</replaceable></option></term>
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code will make this plugin-runner output the password from that
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plugin, stop any other plugins, and exit.
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<refsect2 id="writing_plugins">
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<title>WRITING PLUGINS</title>
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A plugin is simply a program which prints a password to its
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standard output and then exits with a successful (zero) exit
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status. If the exit status is not zero, any output on
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standard output will be ignored by the plugin runner. Any
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output on its standard error channel will simply be passed to
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the standard error of the plugin runner, usually the system
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The plugin will run in the initial RAM disk environment, so
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care must be taken not to depend on any files or running
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services not available there.
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The plugin must exit cleanly and free all allocated resources
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upon getting the TERM signal, since this is what the plugin
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runner uses to stop all other plugins when one plugin has
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output a password and exited cleanly.
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The plugin must not use resources, like for instance reading
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from the standard input, without knowing that no other plugin
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It is useful, but not required, for the plugin to take the
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<option>--debug</option> option.
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<refsect1 id="fallback">
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everything from a <quote>#</quote> character to the end
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of a line is ignored.
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This program is meant to run in the initial RAM disk
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environment, so that is where this file is assumed to
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exist. The file does not need to exist in the normal
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This file will be processed <emphasis>before</emphasis>
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the normal command line options, so the latter can
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override the former, if need be.
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This file name is the default; the file to read for
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arguments can be changed using the
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<option>--config-file</option> option.
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<!-- <refsect1 id="bugs"> -->
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<!-- <title>BUGS</title> -->
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<refsect1 id="examples">
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<title>EXAMPLE</title>
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Normal invocation needs no options:
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<userinput>&COMMANDNAME;</userinput>
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Run the program, but not the plugins, in debug mode:
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<!-- do not wrap this line -->
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<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug</userinput>
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Run all plugins, but run the <quote>foo</quote> plugin in
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<!-- do not wrap this line -->
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<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --options-for=foo:--debug</userinput>
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Run all plugins, but not the program, in debug mode:
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<!-- do not wrap this line -->
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<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --global-options=--debug</userinput>
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Run plugins from a different directory and add two
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options to the <citerefentry><refentrytitle
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>password-request</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry> plugin:
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<!-- do not wrap this line -->
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<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --plugin-dir=plugins.d --options-for=password-request:--pubkey=keydir/pubkey.txt,--seckey=keydir/seckey.txt</userinput>
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<refsect1 id="security">
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<title>SECURITY</title>
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This program will, when starting, try to switch to another user.
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If it is started as root, it will succeed, and will by default
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switch to user and group 65534, which are assumed to be
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non-privileged. This user and group is then what all plugins
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will be started as. Therefore, the only way to run a plugin as
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a privileged user is to have the set-user-ID or set-group-ID bit
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set on the plugin executable files (see <citerefentry>
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<refentrytitle>execve</refentrytitle><manvolnum>2</manvolnum>
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If this program is used as a keyscript in <citerefentry
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><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry>, there is a slight risk that if this program
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fails to work, there might be no way to boot the system except
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for booting from another media and editing the initial RAM disk
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image to not run this program. This is, however, unlikely,
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since the <citerefentry><refentrytitle
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>password-prompt</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum>
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</citerefentry> plugin will read a password from the console in
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case of failure of the other plugins, and this plugin runner
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will also, in case of catastrophic failure, itself fall back to
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asking and outputting a password on the console (see <xref
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linkend="fallback"/>).
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>execve</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>2</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-prompt</refentrytitle>