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# Mandos key generator - create new keys for a Mandos client
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# Copyright © 2008-2019 Teddy Hogeborn
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# Copyright © 2008-2019 Björn Påhlsson
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# This file is part of Mandos.
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# Mandos is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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# (at your option) any later version.
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# Mandos is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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# along with Mandos. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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# Contact the authors at <mandos@recompile.se>.
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KEYDIR="/etc/keys/mandos"
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KEYNAME="`hostname --fqdn 2>/dev/null || hostname`"
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KEYCOMMENT_ORIG="$KEYCOMMENT"
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if [ ! -d "$KEYDIR" ]; then
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KEYDIR="/etc/mandos/keys"
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TEMP=`getopt --options vhpF:d:t:l:s:L:n:e:c:x:T:fS \
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--longoptions version,help,password,passfile:,dir:,type:,length:,subtype:,sublength:,name:,email:,comment:,expire:,tls-keytype:,force,no-ssh \
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basename="`basename "$0"`"
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Usage: $basename [ -v | --version ]
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$basename [ -h | --help ]
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Encrypted password creation:
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$basename { -p | --password } [ --name NAME ] [ --dir DIR]
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$basename { -F | --passfile } FILE [ --name NAME ] [ --dir DIR]
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-v, --version Show program's version number and exit
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-h, --help Show this help message and exit
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-d DIR, --dir DIR Target directory for key files
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-t TYPE, --type TYPE OpenPGP key type. Default is RSA.
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-l BITS, --length BITS
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OpenPGP key length in bits. Default is 4096.
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-s TYPE, --subtype TYPE
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OpenPGP subkey type. Default is RSA.
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-L BITS, --sublength BITS
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OpenPGP subkey length in bits. Default 4096.
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-n NAME, --name NAME Name of key. Default is the FQDN.
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-e ADDRESS, --email ADDRESS
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Email address of OpenPGP key. Default empty.
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-c TEXT, --comment TEXT
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Comment field for OpenPGP key. Default empty.
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-x TIME, --expire TIME
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OpenPGP key expire time. Default is none.
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See gpg(1) for syntax.
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-T TYPE, --tls-keytype TYPE
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TLS key type. Default is ed25519.
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-f, --force Force overwriting old key files.
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Password creation options:
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-p, --password Create an encrypted password using the key in
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the key directory. All options other than
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--dir and --name are ignored.
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-F FILE, --passfile FILE
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Encrypt a password from FILE using the key in
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the key directory. All options other than
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--dir and --name are ignored.
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-S, --no-ssh Don't get SSH key or set "checker" option.
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-p|--password) mode=password; shift;;
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-F|--passfile) mode=password; PASSFILE="$2"; shift 2;;
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-d|--dir) KEYDIR="$2"; shift 2;;
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-t|--type) KEYTYPE="$2"; shift 2;;
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-s|--subtype) SUBKEYTYPE="$2"; shift 2;;
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-l|--length) KEYLENGTH="$2"; shift 2;;
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-L|--sublength) SUBKEYLENGTH="$2"; shift 2;;
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-n|--name) KEYNAME="$2"; shift 2;;
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-e|--email) KEYEMAIL="$2"; shift 2;;
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-c|--comment) KEYCOMMENT="$2"; shift 2;;
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-x|--expire) KEYEXPIRE="$2"; shift 2;;
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-T|--tls-keytype) TLS_KEYTYPE="$2"; shift 2;;
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-f|--force) FORCE=yes; shift;;
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-S|--no-ssh) SSH=no; shift;;
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-v|--version) echo "$0 $VERSION"; exit;;
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-h|--help) help; exit;;
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*) echo "Internal error" >&2; exit 1;;
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if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
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echo "Unknown arguments: '$*'" >&2
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SECKEYFILE="$KEYDIR/seckey.txt"
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PUBKEYFILE="$KEYDIR/pubkey.txt"
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TLS_PRIVKEYFILE="$KEYDIR/tls-privkey.pem"
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TLS_PUBKEYFILE="$KEYDIR/tls-pubkey.pem"
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# Check for some invalid values
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if [ ! -d "$KEYDIR" ]; then
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echo "$KEYDIR not a directory" >&2
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if [ ! -r "$KEYDIR" ]; then
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echo "Directory $KEYDIR not readable" >&2
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if [ "$mode" = keygen ]; then
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if [ ! -w "$KEYDIR" ]; then
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echo "Directory $KEYDIR not writeable" >&2
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if [ -z "$KEYTYPE" ]; then
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echo "Empty key type" >&2
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if [ -z "$KEYNAME" ]; then
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echo "Empty key name" >&2
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if [ -z "$KEYLENGTH" ] || [ "$KEYLENGTH" -lt 512 ]; then
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echo "Invalid key length" >&2
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if [ -z "$KEYEXPIRE" ]; then
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echo "Empty key expiration" >&2
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# Make FORCE be 0 or 1
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[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Tt][Rr][Uu][Ee]) FORCE=1;;
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[Nn][Oo]|[Ff][Aa][Ll][Ss][Ee]|*) FORCE=0;;
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if { [ -e "$SECKEYFILE" ] || [ -e "$PUBKEYFILE" ] \
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|| [ -e "$TLS_PRIVKEYFILE" ] \
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|| [ -e "$TLS_PUBKEYFILE" ]; } \
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&& [ "$FORCE" -eq 0 ]; then
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echo "Refusing to overwrite old key files; use --force" >&2
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# Set lines for GnuPG batch file
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if [ -n "$KEYCOMMENT" ]; then
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KEYCOMMENTLINE="Name-Comment: $KEYCOMMENT"
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if [ -n "$KEYEMAIL" ]; then
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KEYEMAILLINE="Name-Email: $KEYEMAIL"
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# Create temporary gpg batch file
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BATCHFILE="`mktemp -t mandos-keygen-batch.XXXXXXXXXX`"
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TLS_PRIVKEYTMP="`mktemp -t mandos-keygen-privkey.XXXXXXXXXX`"
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if [ "$mode" = password ]; then
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# Create temporary encrypted password file
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SECFILE="`mktemp -t mandos-keygen-secfile.XXXXXXXXXX`"
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# Create temporary key ring directory
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RINGDIR="`mktemp -d -t mandos-keygen-keyrings.XXXXXXXXXX`"
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# Remove temporary files on exit
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test -n \"$SECFILE\" && shred --remove \"$SECFILE\"; \
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test -n \"$TLS_PRIVKEYTMP\" && shred --remove \"$TLS_PRIVKEYTMP\"; \
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shred --remove \"$RINGDIR\"/sec* 2>/dev/null;
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test -n \"$BATCHFILE\" && rm --force \"$BATCHFILE\"; \
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rm --recursive --force \"$RINGDIR\";
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tty --quiet && stty echo; \
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if [ "$mode" = keygen ]; then
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# Create batch file for GnuPG
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cat >"$BATCHFILE" <<-EOF
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Key-Length: $KEYLENGTH
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Subkey-Type: $SUBKEYTYPE
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Subkey-Length: $SUBKEYLENGTH
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Subkey-Usage: encrypt
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Expire-Date: $KEYEXPIRE
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#Preferences: <string>
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#%pubring pubring.gpg
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#%secring secring.gpg
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Note: Due to entropy requirements, key generation could take
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anything from a few minutes to SEVERAL HOURS. Please be
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patient and/or supply the system with more entropy if needed.
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# Generate TLS private key
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if certtool --generate-privkey --password='' \
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--outfile "$TLS_PRIVKEYTMP" --sec-param ultra \
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--key-type="$TLS_KEYTYPE" --pkcs8 --no-text 2>/dev/null; then
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# Backup any old key files
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if cp --backup=numbered --force "$TLS_PRIVKEYFILE" "$TLS_PRIVKEYFILE" \
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shred --remove "$TLS_PRIVKEYFILE" 2>/dev/null || :
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if cp --backup=numbered --force "$TLS_PUBKEYFILE" "$TLS_PUBKEYFILE" \
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rm --force "$TLS_PUBKEYFILE"
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cp --archive "$TLS_PRIVKEYTMP" "$TLS_PRIVKEYFILE"
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shred --remove "$TLS_PRIVKEYTMP" 2>/dev/null || :
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# First try certtool from GnuTLS
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if ! certtool --password='' --load-privkey="$TLS_PRIVKEYFILE" \
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--outfile="$TLS_PUBKEYFILE" --pubkey-info --no-text \
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# Otherwise try OpenSSL
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if ! openssl pkey -in "$TLS_PRIVKEYFILE" \
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-out "$TLS_PUBKEYFILE" -pubout; then
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rm --force "$TLS_PUBKEYFILE"
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# None of the commands succeded; give up
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# Make sure trustdb.gpg exists;
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# this is a workaround for Debian bug #737128
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gpg --quiet --batch --no-tty --no-options --enable-dsa2 \
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--homedir "$RINGDIR" \
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--import-ownertrust < /dev/null
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# Generate a new key in the key rings
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gpg --quiet --batch --no-tty --no-options --enable-dsa2 \
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--homedir "$RINGDIR" --trust-model always \
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--gen-key "$BATCHFILE"
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rm --force "$BATCHFILE"
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# Backup any old key files
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if cp --backup=numbered --force "$SECKEYFILE" "$SECKEYFILE" \
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shred --remove "$SECKEYFILE" 2>/dev/null || :
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if cp --backup=numbered --force "$PUBKEYFILE" "$PUBKEYFILE" \
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rm --force "$PUBKEYFILE"
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FILECOMMENT="Mandos client key for $KEYNAME"
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if [ "$KEYCOMMENT" != "$KEYCOMMENT_ORIG" ]; then
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FILECOMMENT="$FILECOMMENT ($KEYCOMMENT)"
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if [ -n "$KEYEMAIL" ]; then
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FILECOMMENT="$FILECOMMENT <$KEYEMAIL>"
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# Export key from key rings to key files
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gpg --quiet --batch --no-tty --no-options --enable-dsa2 \
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--homedir "$RINGDIR" --armor --export-options export-minimal \
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--comment "$FILECOMMENT" --output "$SECKEYFILE" \
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gpg --quiet --batch --no-tty --no-options --enable-dsa2 \
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--homedir "$RINGDIR" --armor --export-options export-minimal \
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--comment "$FILECOMMENT" --output "$PUBKEYFILE" --export
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if [ "$mode" = password ]; then
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[Yy][Ee][Ss]|[Tt][Rr][Uu][Ee]) SSH=1;;
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[Nn][Oo]|[Ff][Aa][Ll][Ss][Ee]|*) SSH=0;;
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if [ $SSH -eq 1 ]; then
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# The -q option is new in OpenSSH 9.8
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for ssh_keyscan_quiet in "-q " ""; do
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for ssh_keytype in ecdsa-sha2-nistp256 ed25519 rsa; do
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ssh_fingerprint="`ssh-keyscan ${ssh_keyscan_quiet}-t $ssh_keytype localhost 2>/dev/null`"
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if [ $err -ne 0 ]; then
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if [ -n "$ssh_fingerprint" ]; then
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ssh_fingerprint="${ssh_fingerprint#localhost }"
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# Import key into temporary key rings
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gpg --quiet --batch --no-tty --no-options --enable-dsa2 \
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--homedir "$RINGDIR" --trust-model always --armor \
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--import "$SECKEYFILE"
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gpg --quiet --batch --no-tty --no-options --enable-dsa2 \
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--homedir "$RINGDIR" --trust-model always --armor \
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--import "$PUBKEYFILE"
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# Get fingerprint of key
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FINGERPRINT="`gpg --quiet --batch --no-tty --no-options \
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--enable-dsa2 --homedir "$RINGDIR" --trust-model always \
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--fingerprint --with-colons \
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--expression='/^fpr:/{s/^fpr:.*:\\([0-9A-Z]*\\):\$/\\1/p;q}'`"
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test -n "$FINGERPRINT"
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if [ -r "$TLS_PUBKEYFILE" ]; then
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KEY_ID="$(certtool --key-id --hash=sha256 \
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--infile="$TLS_PUBKEYFILE" 2>/dev/null || :)"
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if [ -z "$KEY_ID" ]; then
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KEY_ID=$(openssl pkey -pubin -in "$TLS_PUBKEYFILE" \
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| sed --expression='s/^.*[^[:xdigit:]]//')
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FILECOMMENT="Encrypted password for a Mandos client"
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while [ ! -s "$SECFILE" ]; do
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if [ -n "$PASSFILE" ]; then
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tty --quiet && stty -echo
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echo -n "Enter passphrase: " >/dev/tty
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tty --quiet && echo >&2
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echo -n "Repeat passphrase: " >/dev/tty
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if [ "$first" != "$second" ]; then
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echo "Passphrase mismatch" >&2
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touch "$RINGDIR"/mismatch
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fi | gpg --quiet --batch --no-tty --no-options --enable-dsa2 \
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--homedir "$RINGDIR" --trust-model always --armor \
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--encrypt --sign --recipient "$FINGERPRINT" --comment \
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"$FILECOMMENT" > "$SECFILE"
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if [ -e "$RINGDIR"/mismatch ]; then
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rm --force "$RINGDIR"/mismatch
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if [ -n "$KEY_ID" ]; then
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echo "key_id = $KEY_ID"
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fingerprint = $FINGERPRINT
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sed --quiet --expression='
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/^-----BEGIN PGP MESSAGE-----$/,/^-----END PGP MESSAGE-----$/{
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# Remove 24-bit Radix-64 checksum
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if [ -n "$ssh_fingerprint" ]; then
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echo 'checker = ssh-keyscan '"$ssh_keyscan_quiet"'-t '"$ssh_keytype"' %%(host)s 2>/dev/null | grep --fixed-strings --line-regexp --quiet --regexp=%%(host)s" %(ssh_fingerprint)s"'
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echo "ssh_fingerprint = ${ssh_fingerprint}"
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# Remove the password file, if any
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if [ -n "$SECFILE" ]; then
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shred --remove "$SECFILE" 2>/dev/null
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# Remove the key rings
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shred --remove "$RINGDIR"/sec* 2>/dev/null
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rm --recursive --force "$RINGDIR"
added
removed
mandos-keygen
