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Committer: Teddy Hogeborn
Date: 2008-08-30 17:16:33 UTC
Revision ID: teddy@fukt.bsnet.se-20080830171633-rjyuhsemikw6lg2w

* mandos-keygen.xml (SYNOPSIS): Fixed tags. Unify short and long
options.
* plugins.d/password-request.xml (SYNOPSIS): - '' -

* mandos-clients.conf.xml: Removed extra white space.
* plugin-runner.xml: - '' -
* plugins.d/password-prompt.xml: - '' -
* mandos-keygen.xml: - '' -
* plugins.d/password-request.xml: - '' -

files added:
.bzrignore

COPYING

initramfs-tools-hook

initramfs-tools-hook-conf

initramfs-tools-script

mandos-clients.conf.xml

mandos-keygen

mandos-keygen.xml

mandos-options.xml

mandos.conf

mandos.conf.xml

mandos.xml

overview.xml

plugin-runner.c

plugin-runner.xml

plugins.d

plugins.d/password-prompt.c

plugins.d/password-prompt.xml

plugins.d/password-request.c

plugins.d/password-request.xml

plugins.d/usplash

files removed:
ca.pem

cert.pem

client-cert.pem

client-key.pem

client.cpp

crl.pem

key.pem

files renamed:
mandos-clients.conf => clients.conf

server.py => mandos

files modified:
Makefile

TODO

Show diffs side-by-side

added added

removed removed

mandos.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"

"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [

<!ENTITY VERSION "1.0">

<!ENTITY COMMANDNAME "mandos">

<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2008-08-30">

<title>Mandos Manual</title>

<productname>Mandos</productname>

<productnumber>&VERSION;</productnumber>

<date>&TIMESTAMP;</date>

<firstname>Björn</firstname>

<surname>Påhlsson</surname>

<email>belorn@fukt.bsnet.se</email>

</address>

</author>

<firstname>Teddy</firstname>

<surname>Hogeborn</surname>

<email>teddy@fukt.bsnet.se</email>

</address>

</author>

</authorgroup>

<holder>Teddy Hogeborn</holder>

<holder>Björn Påhlsson</holder>

</copyright>

<para>

This manual page is free software: you can redistribute it

and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public

License as published by the Free Software Foundation,

either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any

later version.

</para>

<para>

This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will

be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the

implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A

PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License

for more details.

</para>

<para>

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public

License along with this program; If not, see

<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/"/>.

</para>

</legalnotice>

</refentryinfo>

<refentrytitle>&COMMANDNAME;</refentrytitle>

</refmeta>

<refname><command>&COMMANDNAME;</command></refname>

Gives encrypted passwords to authenticated Mandos clients

</refpurpose>

</refnamediv>

<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>

<arg>--interface<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>

<arg>--address<arg choice="plain">ADDRESS</arg></arg>

<arg>--priority<arg choice="plain">PRIORITY</arg></arg>

<arg>--servicename<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>

<arg>--configdir<arg choice="plain">DIRECTORY</arg></arg>

<arg>--debug</arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>

<arg>-a<arg choice="plain">ADDRESS</arg></arg>

<arg>--priority<arg choice="plain">PRIORITY</arg></arg>

<arg>--servicename<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>

<arg>--configdir<arg choice="plain">DIRECTORY</arg></arg>

<arg>--debug</arg>

</cmdsynopsis>

<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>

100

</group>

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</cmdsynopsis>

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<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>

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<arg choice="plain">--version</arg>

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</cmdsynopsis>

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<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>

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<arg choice="plain">--check</arg>

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</cmdsynopsis>

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</refsynopsisdiv>

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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>

114

<para>

115

<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a server daemon which

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handles incoming request for passwords for a pre-defined list of

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client host computers. The Mandos server uses Zeroconf to

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announce itself on the local network, and uses TLS to

119

communicate securely with and to authenticate the clients. The

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Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to use IPv6

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link-local addresses, since the clients will probably not have

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any other addresses configured (see <xref linkend="overview"/>).

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Any authenticated client is then given the stored pre-encrypted

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password for that specific client.

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</para>

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</refsect1>

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<title>PURPOSE</title>

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<para>

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The purpose of this is to enable <emphasis>remote and unattended

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rebooting</emphasis> of client host computer with an

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<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. See <xref

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linkend="overview"/> for details.

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</para>

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</refsect1>

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<title>OPTIONS</title>

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<para>

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Show a help message and exit

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</para>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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<term><option>--interface</option>

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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="interface"/>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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<term><literal>-a</literal>, <literal>--address <replaceable>

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ADDRESS</replaceable></literal></term>

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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="address"/>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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PORT</replaceable></literal></term>

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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="port"/>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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<term><literal>--check</literal></term>

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<para>

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Run the server’s self-tests. This includes any unit

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tests, etc.

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</para>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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<term><literal>--debug</literal></term>

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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="debug"/>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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<term><literal>--priority <replaceable>

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PRIORITY</replaceable></literal></term>

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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="priority"/>

203

</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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<term><literal>--servicename <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>

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</literal></term>

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<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"

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xpointer="servicename"/>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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<term><literal>--configdir <replaceable>DIR</replaceable>

217

</literal></term>

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<para>

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Directory to search for configuration files. Default is

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<quote><literal>/etc/mandos</literal></quote>. See

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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>

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224

<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>

225

<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.

226

</para>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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<term><literal>--version</literal></term>

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<para>

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Prints the program version and exit.

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</para>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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</variablelist>

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</refsect1>

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<title>OVERVIEW</title>

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<xi:include href="overview.xml"/>

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<para>

245

This program is the server part. It is a normal server program

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and will run in a normal system environment, not in an initial

247

RAM disk environment.

248

</para>

249

</refsect1>

250

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252

<title>NETWORK PROTOCOL</title>

253

<para>

254

The Mandos server announces itself as a Zeroconf service of type

255

<quote><literal>_mandos._tcp</literal></quote>. The Mandos

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client connects to the announced address and port, and sends a

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line of text where the first whitespace-separated field is the

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protocol version, which currently is

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<quote><literal>1</literal></quote>. The client and server then

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start a TLS protocol handshake with a slight quirk: the Mandos

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server program acts as a TLS <quote>client</quote> while the

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connecting Mandos client acts as a TLS <quote>server</quote>.

263

The Mandos client must supply an OpenPGP certificate, and the

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fingerprint of this certificate is used by the Mandos server to

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look up (in a list read from <filename>clients.conf</filename>

266

at start time) which binary blob to give the client. No other

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authentication or authorization is done by the server.

268

</para>

269

<table>

270

<title>Mandos Protocol (Version 1)</title><tgroup cols="3"><thead>

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<row>

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<entry>Mandos Client</entry>

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<entry>Direction</entry>

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<entry>Mandos Server</entry>

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</row>

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</thead><tbody>

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<row>

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<entry>Connect</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>TLS handshake <emphasis>as TLS <quote>server</quote>

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</emphasis></entry>

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<entry>TLS handshake <emphasis>as TLS <quote>client</quote>

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</emphasis></entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>OpenPGP public key (part of TLS handshake)</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>Binary blob (client will assume OpenPGP data)</entry>

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</row>

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<row>

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<entry>Close</entry>

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</row>

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</tbody></tgroup></table>

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</refsect1>

308

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<title>CHECKING</title>

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<para>

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The server will, by default, continually check that the clients

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are still up. If a client has not been confirmed as being up

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for some time, the client is assumed to be compromised and is no

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longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. The timeout,

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checker program, and interval between checks can be configured

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both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>

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<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>

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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.

320

</para>

321

</refsect1>

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<title>LOGGING</title>

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<para>

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The server will send log message with various severity levels to

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<filename>/dev/log</filename>. With the

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<option>--debug</option> option, it will log even more messages,

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and also show them on the console.

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</para>

331

</refsect1>

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<title>EXIT STATUS</title>

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<para>

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The server will exit with a non-zero exit status only when a

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critical error is encountered.

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</para>

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</refsect1>

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<title>ENVIRONMENT</title>

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<para>

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To start the configured checker (see <xref

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linkend="checking"/>), the server uses

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<filename>/bin/sh</filename>, which in turn uses

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<varname>PATH</varname> to search for matching commands if

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an absolute path is not given. See <citerefentry>

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</citerefentry>.

355

</para>

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</listitem>

357

</varlistentry>

358

</variablelist>

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</refsect1>

360

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362

<title>FILES</title>

363

<para>

364

Use the <option>--configdir</option> option to change where

365

<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> looks for its configurations

366

files. The default file names are listed here.

367

</para>

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<term><filename>/etc/mandos/mandos.conf</filename></term>

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<para>

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Server-global settings. See

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<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>

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<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.

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</para>

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</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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<term><filename>/etc/mandos/clients.conf</filename></term>

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<para>

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List of clients and client-specific settings. See

384

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>

385

<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.

386

</para>

387

</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

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<term><filename>/var/run/mandos/mandos.pid</filename></term>

391

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<para>

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The file containing the process id of

394

<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>.

395

</para>

396

</listitem>

397

</varlistentry>

398

399

400

401

<para>

402

The Unix domain socket to where local syslog messages are

403

sent.

404

</para>

405

</listitem>

406

</varlistentry>

407

408

409

410

<para>

411

This is used to start the configured checker command for

412

each client. See <citerefentry>

413

<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>

414

<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.

415

</para>

416

</listitem>

417

</varlistentry>

418

</variablelist>

419

</refsect1>

420

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422

423

<para>

424

This server might, on especially fatal errors, emit a Python

425

backtrace. This could be considered a feature.

426

</para>

427

<para>

428

Currently, if a client is declared <quote>invalid</quote> due to

429

having timed out, the server does not record this fact onto

430

permanent storage. This has some security implications, see

431

<xref linkend="CLIENTS"/>.

432

</para>

433

<para>

434

There is currently no way of querying the server of the current

435

status of clients, other than analyzing its <systemitem

436

class="service">syslog</systemitem> output.

437

</para>

438

<para>

439

There is no fine-grained control over logging and debug output.

440

</para>

441

<para>

442

Debug mode is conflated with running in the foreground.

443

</para>

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<para>

445

The console log messages does not show a timestamp.

446

</para>

447

</refsect1>

448

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450

<title>EXAMPLE</title>

451

452

<para>

453

Normal invocation needs no options:

454

</para>

455

<para>

456

<userinput>&COMMANDNAME;</userinput>

457

</para>

458

</informalexample>

459

460

<para>

461

Run the server in debug mode, read configuration files from

462

the <filename>~/mandos</filename> directory, and use the

463

Zeroconf service name <quote>Test</quote> to not collide with

464

any other official Mandos server on this host:

465

</para>

466

<para>

467

468

469

<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --configdir ~/mandos --servicename Test</userinput>

470

471

</para>

472

</informalexample>

473

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<para>

475

Run the server normally, but only listen to one interface and

476

only on the link-local address on that interface:

477

</para>

478

<para>

479

480

481

<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --interface eth7 --address fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2</userinput>

482

483

</para>

484

</informalexample>

485

</refsect1>

486

487

488

<title>SECURITY</title>

489

490

<title>SERVER</title>

491

<para>

492

Running this <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> server program

493

should not in itself present any security risk to the host

494

computer running it. The program does not need any special

495

privileges to run, and is designed to run as a non-root user.

496

</para>

497

</refsect2>

498

499

<title>CLIENTS</title>

500

<para>

501

The server only gives out its stored data to clients which

502

does have the OpenPGP key of the stored fingerprint. This is

503

guaranteed by the fact that the client sends its OpenPGP

504

public key in the TLS handshake; this ensures it to be

505

genuine. The server computes the fingerprint of the key

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itself and looks up the fingerprint in its list of

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clients. The <filename>clients.conf</filename> file (see

508

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>

509

<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)

510

<emphasis>must</emphasis> be made non-readable by anyone

511

except the user running the server.

512

</para>

513

<para>

514

As detailed in <xref linkend="checking"/>, the status of all

515

client computers will continually be checked and be assumed

516

compromised if they are gone for too long.

517

</para>

518

<para>

519

If a client is compromised, its downtime should be duly noted

520

by the server which would therefore declare the client

521

invalid. But if the server was ever restarted, it would

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re-read its client list from its configuration file and again

523

regard all clients therein as valid, and hence eligible to

524

receive their passwords. Therefore, be careful when

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restarting servers if it is suspected that a client has, in

526

fact, been compromised by parties who may now be running a

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fake Mandos client with the keys from the non-encrypted

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initial RAM image of the client host. What should be done in

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that case (if restarting the server program really is

530

necessary) is to stop the server program, edit the

531

configuration file to omit any suspect clients, and restart

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the server program.

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</para>

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<para>

535

For more details on client-side security, see

536

<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>

537

<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.

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</para>

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</refsect2>

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</refsect1>

541

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<para>

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<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>

547

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<refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>

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<refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>

551

<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>

552

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</citerefentry>

554

</para>

555

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<term>

558

<ulink url="http://www.zeroconf.org/">Zeroconf</ulink>

559

</term>

560

561

<para>

562

Zeroconf is the network protocol standard used by clients

563

for finding this Mandos server on the local network.

564

</para>

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</listitem>

566

</varlistentry>

567

568

<term>

569

<ulink url="http://www.avahi.org/">Avahi</ulink>

570

</term>

571

572

<para>

573

Avahi is the library this server calls to implement

574

Zeroconf service announcements.

575

</para>

576

</listitem>

577

</varlistentry>

578

579

<term>

580

<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/"

581

>GnuTLS</ulink>

582

</term>

583

584

<para>

585

GnuTLS is the library this server uses to implement TLS for

586

communicating securely with the client, and at the same time

587

confidently get the client’s public OpenPGP key.

588

</para>

589

</listitem>

590

</varlistentry>

591

592

<term>

593

RFC 4291: <citetitle>IP Version 6 Addressing

594

Architecture</citetitle>

595

</term>

596

597

598

599

<term>Section 2.2: <citetitle>Text Representation of

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Addresses</citetitle></term>

601

602

</varlistentry>

603

604

<term>Section 2.5.5.2: <citetitle>IPv4-Mapped IPv6

605

Address</citetitle></term>

606

607

</varlistentry>

608

609

<term>Section 2.5.6, <citetitle>Link-Local IPv6 Unicast

610

Addresses</citetitle></term>

611

612

<para>

613

The clients use IPv6 link-local addresses, which are

614

immediately usable since a link-local addresses is

615

automatically assigned to a network interfaces when it

616

is brought up.

617

</para>

618

</listitem>

619

</varlistentry>

620

</variablelist>

621

</listitem>

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</varlistentry>

623

624

<term>

625

RFC 4346: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)

626

Protocol Version 1.1</citetitle>

627

</term>

628

629

<para>

630

TLS 1.1 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.

631

</para>

632

</listitem>

633

</varlistentry>

634

635

<term>

636

RFC 4880: <citetitle>OpenPGP Message Format</citetitle>

637

</term>

638

639

<para>

640

The data sent to clients is binary encrypted OpenPGP data.

641

</para>

642

</listitem>

643

</varlistentry>

644

645

<term>

646

RFC 5081: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for Transport Layer

647

Security</citetitle>

648

</term>

649

650

<para>

651

This is implemented by GnuTLS and used by this server so

652

that OpenPGP keys can be used.

653

</para>

654

</listitem>

655

</varlistentry>

656

</variablelist>

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</refsect1>

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</refentry>

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