1
1
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2
2
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3
3
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4
<!ENTITY VERSION "1.0">
4
5
<!ENTITY COMMANDNAME "mandos">
5
<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2019-07-24">
6
<!ENTITY % common SYSTEM "common.ent">
6
<!ENTITY TIMESTAMP "2008-08-30">
10
9
<refentry xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
12
11
<title>Mandos Manual</title>
13
12
<!-- NWalsh’s docbook scripts use this to generate the footer: -->
14
13
<productname>Mandos</productname>
15
<productnumber>&version;</productnumber>
14
<productnumber>&VERSION;</productnumber>
16
15
<date>&TIMESTAMP;</date>
19
18
<firstname>Björn</firstname>
20
19
<surname>Påhlsson</surname>
22
<email>belorn@recompile.se</email>
21
<email>belorn@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
26
25
<firstname>Teddy</firstname>
27
26
<surname>Hogeborn</surname>
29
<email>teddy@recompile.se</email>
28
<email>teddy@fukt.bsnet.se</email>
46
34
<holder>Teddy Hogeborn</holder>
47
35
<holder>Björn Påhlsson</holder>
49
<xi:include href="legalnotice.xml"/>
39
This manual page is free software: you can redistribute it
40
and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public
41
License as published by the Free Software Foundation,
42
either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any
47
This manual page is distributed in the hope that it will
48
be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the
49
implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A
50
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
55
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public
56
License along with this program; If not, see
57
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/"/>.
53
63
<refentrytitle>&COMMANDNAME;</refentrytitle>
54
64
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
60
70
Gives encrypted passwords to authenticated Mandos clients
66
76
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
68
<arg choice="plain"><option>--interface
69
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
70
<arg choice="plain"><option>-i
71
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
75
<arg choice="plain"><option>--address
76
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></arg>
77
<arg choice="plain"><option>-a
78
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></arg>
82
<arg choice="plain"><option>--port
83
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
84
<arg choice="plain"><option>-p
85
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
88
<arg><option>--priority
89
<replaceable>PRIORITY</replaceable></option></arg>
91
<arg><option>--servicename
92
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
94
<arg><option>--configdir
95
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
97
<arg><option>--debug</option></arg>
99
<arg><option>--debuglevel
100
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></arg>
102
<arg><option>--no-dbus</option></arg>
104
<arg><option>--no-ipv6</option></arg>
106
<arg><option>--no-restore</option></arg>
108
<arg><option>--statedir
109
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></arg>
111
<arg><option>--socket
112
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></arg>
114
<arg><option>--foreground</option></arg>
116
<arg><option>--no-zeroconf</option></arg>
77
<arg>--interface<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>
78
<arg>--address<arg choice="plain">ADDRESS</arg></arg>
79
<arg>--port<arg choice="plain">PORT</arg></arg>
80
<arg>--priority<arg choice="plain">PRIORITY</arg></arg>
81
<arg>--servicename<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>
82
<arg>--configdir<arg choice="plain">DIRECTORY</arg></arg>
86
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
87
<arg>-i<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>
88
<arg>-a<arg choice="plain">ADDRESS</arg></arg>
89
<arg>-p<arg choice="plain">PORT</arg></arg>
90
<arg>--priority<arg choice="plain">PRIORITY</arg></arg>
91
<arg>--servicename<arg choice="plain">NAME</arg></arg>
92
<arg>--configdir<arg choice="plain">DIRECTORY</arg></arg>
119
96
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
120
97
<group choice="req">
121
<arg choice="plain"><option>--help</option></arg>
122
<arg choice="plain"><option>-h</option></arg>
98
<arg choice="plain">-h</arg>
99
<arg choice="plain">--help</arg>
126
103
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
127
<arg choice="plain"><option>--version</option></arg>
104
<arg choice="plain">--version</arg>
130
107
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
131
<arg choice="plain"><option>--check</option></arg>
108
<arg choice="plain">--check</arg>
133
110
</refsynopsisdiv>
135
112
<refsect1 id="description">
136
113
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
138
115
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a server daemon which
139
116
handles incoming request for passwords for a pre-defined list of
140
client host computers. For an introduction, see
141
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
142
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>. The Mandos server
143
uses Zeroconf to announce itself on the local network, and uses
144
TLS to communicate securely with and to authenticate the
145
clients. The Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to
146
use IPv6 link-local addresses, since the clients will probably
147
not have any other addresses configured (see <xref
148
linkend="overview"/>). Any authenticated client is then given
149
the stored pre-encrypted password for that specific client.
117
client host computers. The Mandos server uses Zeroconf to
118
announce itself on the local network, and uses TLS to
119
communicate securely with and to authenticate the clients. The
120
Mandos server uses IPv6 to allow Mandos clients to use IPv6
121
link-local addresses, since the clients will probably not have
122
any other addresses configured (see <xref linkend="overview"/>).
123
Any authenticated client is then given the stored pre-encrypted
124
password for that specific client.
153
129
<refsect1 id="purpose">
154
130
<title>PURPOSE</title>
156
133
The purpose of this is to enable <emphasis>remote and unattended
157
134
rebooting</emphasis> of client host computer with an
158
135
<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. See <xref
159
136
linkend="overview"/> for details.
163
141
<refsect1 id="options">
164
142
<title>OPTIONS</title>
146
<term><option>-h</option></term>
167
147
<term><option>--help</option></term>
168
<term><option>-h</option></term>
171
150
Show a help message and exit
156
<term><option>-i</option>
157
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
177
158
<term><option>--interface</option>
178
159
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
179
<term><option>-i</option>
180
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></term>
182
161
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="interface"/>
187
<term><option>--address
188
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
190
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable></option></term>
166
<term><literal>-a</literal>, <literal>--address <replaceable>
167
ADDRESS</replaceable></literal></term>
192
169
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="address"/>
198
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
200
<replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
174
<term><literal>-p</literal>, <literal>--port <replaceable>
175
PORT</replaceable></literal></term>
202
177
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="port"/>
207
<term><option>--check</option></term>
182
<term><literal>--check</literal></term>
210
185
Run the server’s self-tests. This includes any unit
217
<term><option>--debug</option></term>
192
<term><literal>--debug</literal></term>
219
194
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="debug"/>
224
<term><option>--debuglevel
225
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></option></term>
228
Set the debugging log level.
229
<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable> is a string, one of
230
<quote><literal>CRITICAL</literal></quote>,
231
<quote><literal>ERROR</literal></quote>,
232
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>,
233
<quote><literal>INFO</literal></quote>, or
234
<quote><literal>DEBUG</literal></quote>, in order of
235
increasing verbosity. The default level is
236
<quote><literal>WARNING</literal></quote>.
242
<term><option>--priority <replaceable>
243
PRIORITY</replaceable></option></term>
199
<term><literal>--priority <replaceable>
200
PRIORITY</replaceable></literal></term>
245
202
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="priority"/>
250
<term><option>--servicename
251
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
207
<term><literal>--servicename <replaceable>NAME</replaceable>
253
210
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
254
211
xpointer="servicename"/>
259
<term><option>--configdir
260
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
216
<term><literal>--configdir <replaceable>DIR</replaceable>
263
220
Directory to search for configuration files. Default is
274
<term><option>--version</option></term>
231
<term><literal>--version</literal></term>
277
234
Prints the program version and exit.
283
<term><option>--no-dbus</option></term>
285
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="dbus"/>
287
See also <xref linkend="dbus_interface"/>.
293
<term><option>--no-ipv6</option></term>
295
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="ipv6"/>
300
<term><option>--no-restore</option></term>
302
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="restore"/>
304
See also <xref linkend="persistent_state"/>.
310
<term><option>--statedir
311
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
313
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="statedir"/>
318
<term><option>--socket
319
<replaceable>FD</replaceable></option></term>
321
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="socket"/>
326
<term><option>--foreground</option></term>
328
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml"
329
xpointer="foreground"/>
334
<term><option>--no-zeroconf</option></term>
336
<xi:include href="mandos-options.xml" xpointer="zeroconf"/>
343
241
<refsect1 id="overview">
344
242
<title>OVERVIEW</title>
345
243
<xi:include href="overview.xml"/>
347
245
This program is the server part. It is a normal server program
348
246
and will run in a normal system environment, not in an initial
349
<acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
247
RAM disk environment.
353
251
<refsect1 id="protocol">
354
252
<title>NETWORK PROTOCOL</title>
408
306
</tbody></tgroup></table>
411
309
<refsect1 id="checking">
412
310
<title>CHECKING</title>
414
312
The server will, by default, continually check that the clients
415
313
are still up. If a client has not been confirmed as being up
416
314
for some time, the client is assumed to be compromised and is no
417
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. (Manual
418
intervention is required to re-enable a client.) The timeout,
419
extended timeout, checker program, and interval between checks
420
can be configured both globally and per client; see
421
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
315
longer eligible to receive the encrypted password. The timeout,
316
checker program, and interval between checks can be configured
317
both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
318
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
422
319
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
426
<refsect1 id="approval">
427
<title>APPROVAL</title>
429
The server can be configured to require manual approval for a
430
client before it is sent its secret. The delay to wait for such
431
approval and the default action (approve or deny) can be
432
configured both globally and per client; see <citerefentry>
433
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
434
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. By default all clients
435
will be approved immediately without delay.
438
This can be used to deny a client its secret if not manually
439
approved within a specified time. It can also be used to make
440
the server delay before giving a client its secret, allowing
441
optional manual denying of this specific client.
446
323
<refsect1 id="logging">
447
324
<title>LOGGING</title>
449
326
The server will send log message with various severity levels to
450
<filename class="devicefile">/dev/log</filename>. With the
327
<filename>/dev/log</filename>. With the
451
328
<option>--debug</option> option, it will log even more messages,
452
329
and also show them on the console.
456
<refsect1 id="persistent_state">
457
<title>PERSISTENT STATE</title>
459
Client settings, initially read from
460
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, are persistent across
461
restarts, and run-time changes will override settings in
462
<filename>clients.conf</filename>. However, if a setting is
463
<emphasis>changed</emphasis> (or a client added, or removed) in
464
<filename>clients.conf</filename>, this will take precedence.
468
<refsect1 id="dbus_interface">
469
<title>D-BUS INTERFACE</title>
471
The server will by default provide a D-Bus system bus interface.
472
This interface will only be accessible by the root user or a
473
Mandos-specific user, if such a user exists. For documentation
474
of the D-Bus API, see the file <filename>DBUS-API</filename>.
478
333
<refsect1 id="exit_status">
479
334
<title>EXIT STATUS</title>
628
484
</informalexample>
631
487
<refsect1 id="security">
632
488
<title>SECURITY</title>
633
<refsect2 id="server">
489
<refsect2 id="SERVER">
634
490
<title>SERVER</title>
636
492
Running this <command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> server program
637
493
should not in itself present any security risk to the host
638
computer running it. The program switches to a non-root user
494
computer running it. The program does not need any special
495
privileges to run, and is designed to run as a non-root user.
642
<refsect2 id="clients">
498
<refsect2 id="CLIENTS">
643
499
<title>CLIENTS</title>
645
501
The server only gives out its stored data to clients which
646
does have the correct key ID of the stored key ID. This is
647
guaranteed by the fact that the client sends its public key in
648
the TLS handshake; this ensures it to be genuine. The server
649
computes the key ID of the key itself and looks up the key ID
650
in its list of clients. The <filename>clients.conf</filename>
502
does have the OpenPGP key of the stored fingerprint. This is
503
guaranteed by the fact that the client sends its OpenPGP
504
public key in the TLS handshake; this ensures it to be
505
genuine. The server computes the fingerprint of the key
506
itself and looks up the fingerprint in its list of
507
clients. The <filename>clients.conf</filename> file (see
652
508
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
653
509
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>)
654
510
<emphasis>must</emphasis> be made non-readable by anyone
655
except the user starting the server (usually root).
511
except the user running the server.
658
514
As detailed in <xref linkend="checking"/>, the status of all
660
516
compromised if they are gone for too long.
519
If a client is compromised, its downtime should be duly noted
520
by the server which would therefore declare the client
521
invalid. But if the server was ever restarted, it would
522
re-read its client list from its configuration file and again
523
regard all clients therein as valid, and hence eligible to
524
receive their passwords. Therefore, be careful when
525
restarting servers if it is suspected that a client has, in
526
fact, been compromised by parties who may now be running a
527
fake Mandos client with the keys from the non-encrypted
528
initial RAM image of the client host. What should be done in
529
that case (if restarting the server program really is
530
necessary) is to stop the server program, edit the
531
configuration file to omit any suspect clients, and restart
663
535
For more details on client-side security, see
664
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
536
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
665
537
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
670
542
<refsect1 id="see_also">
671
543
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
673
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
674
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
675
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
676
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
677
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
678
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
679
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos-client</refentrytitle>
680
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
681
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle>
682
<manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
546
<refentrytitle>mandos-clients.conf</refentrytitle>
547
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
548
<refentrytitle>mandos.conf</refentrytitle>
549
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
550
<refentrytitle>password-request</refentrytitle>
551
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, <citerefentry>
552
<refentrytitle>sh</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum>