49
69
<refname><command>&COMMANDNAME;</command></refname>
51
Client for <application>Mandos</application>
57
77
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
59
<arg choice="plain"><option>--connect
60
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable><literal>:</literal
61
><replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
62
<arg choice="plain"><option>-c
63
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable><literal>:</literal
64
><replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></arg>
68
<arg choice="plain"><option>--interface
69
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
70
<arg choice="plain"><option>-i
71
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></arg>
75
<arg choice="plain"><option>--pubkey
76
<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></arg>
77
<arg choice="plain"><option>-p
78
<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></arg>
82
<arg choice="plain"><option>--seckey
83
<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></arg>
84
<arg choice="plain"><option>-s
85
<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></arg>
89
<option>--priority <replaceable>STRING</replaceable></option>
93
<option>--dh-bits <replaceable>BITS</replaceable></option>
97
<option>--delay <replaceable>SECONDS</replaceable></option>
101
<option>--retry <replaceable>SECONDS</replaceable></option>
105
<option>--debug</option>
109
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
111
<arg choice="plain"><option>--help</option></arg>
112
<arg choice="plain"><option>-?</option></arg>
116
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
117
<arg choice="plain"><option>--usage</option></arg>
120
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
122
<arg choice="plain"><option>--version</option></arg>
123
<arg choice="plain"><option>-V</option></arg>
78
<arg choice='opt'>--connect<arg choice='plain'>IP</arg></arg>
79
<arg choice='opt'>--keydir<arg choice='plain'>KEYDIR</arg></arg>
80
<arg choice='opt'>--interface<arg choice='plain'>INTERFACE</arg></arg>
81
<arg choice='opt'>--pubkey<arg choice='plain'>PUBKEY</arg></arg>
82
<arg choice='opt'>--seckey<arg choice='plain'>SECKEY</arg></arg>
83
<arg choice='opt'>--priority<arg choice='plain'>PRIORITY</arg></arg>
84
<arg choice='opt'>--dh-bits<arg choice='plain'>BITS</arg></arg>
85
<arg choice='opt'>--debug</arg>
88
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
89
<arg choice='plain'>--help</arg>
92
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
93
<arg choice='plain'>--usage</arg>
96
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command>
97
<arg choice='plain'>--version</arg>
128
101
<refsect1 id="description">
129
102
<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
131
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a client program that
132
communicates with <citerefentry><refentrytitle
133
>mandos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
134
to get a password. In slightly more detail, this client program
135
brings up a network interface, uses the interface’s IPv6
136
link-local address to get network connectivity, uses Zeroconf to
137
find servers on the local network, and communicates with servers
138
using TLS with an OpenPGP key to ensure authenticity and
139
confidentiality. This client program keeps running, trying all
140
servers on the network, until it receives a satisfactory reply
141
or a TERM signal. After all servers have been tried, all
142
servers are periodically retried. If no servers are found it
143
will wait indefinitely for new servers to appear.
146
This program is not meant to be run directly; it is really meant
147
to run as a plugin of the <application>Mandos</application>
148
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
149
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>, which runs in the
150
initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment because it is
151
specified as a <quote>keyscript</quote> in the <citerefentry>
152
<refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
153
</citerefentry> file.
157
<refsect1 id="purpose">
158
<title>PURPOSE</title>
160
The purpose of this is to enable <emphasis>remote and unattended
161
rebooting</emphasis> of client host computer with an
162
<emphasis>encrypted root file system</emphasis>. See <xref
163
linkend="overview"/> for details.
104
<command>&COMMANDNAME;</command> is a mandos plugin that works
105
like a client program that through avahi detects mandos servers,
106
sets up a gnutls connect and request a encrypted password. Any
107
passwords given is automaticly decrypted and passed to
167
112
<refsect1 id="options">
168
113
<title>OPTIONS</title>
170
This program is commonly not invoked from the command line; it
171
is normally started by the <application>Mandos</application>
172
plugin runner, see <citerefentry><refentrytitle
173
>plugin-runner</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum>
174
</citerefentry>. Any command line options this program accepts
175
are therefore normally provided by the plugin runner, and not
115
Commonly not invoked as command lines but from configuration
116
file of plugin runner.
181
<term><option>--connect=<replaceable
182
>ADDRESS</replaceable><literal>:</literal><replaceable
183
>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
185
<replaceable>ADDRESS</replaceable><literal>:</literal
186
><replaceable>PORT</replaceable></option></term>
189
Do not use Zeroconf to locate servers. Connect directly
190
to only one specified <application>Mandos</application>
191
server. Note that an IPv6 address has colon characters in
192
it, so the <emphasis>last</emphasis> colon character is
193
assumed to separate the address from the port number.
196
This option is normally only useful for testing and
203
<term><option>--interface=<replaceable
204
>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
206
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
209
Network interface that will be brought up and scanned for
210
Mandos servers to connect to. The default is the empty
211
string, which will automatically choose an appropriate
215
If the <option>--connect</option> option is used, this
216
specifies the interface to use to connect to the address
220
Note that since this program will normally run in the
221
initial RAM disk environment, the interface must be an
222
interface which exists at that stage. Thus, the interface
223
can not be a pseudo-interface such as <quote>br0</quote>
224
or <quote>tun0</quote>; such interfaces will not exist
225
until much later in the boot process, and can not be used
229
<replaceable>NAME</replaceable> can be the string
230
<quote><literal>none</literal></quote>; this will not use
231
any specific interface, and will not bring up an interface
232
on startup. This is not recommended, and only meant for
239
<term><option>--pubkey=<replaceable
240
>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
242
<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
245
OpenPGP public key file name. The default name is
246
<quote><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/pubkey.txt</filename
253
<term><option>--seckey=<replaceable
254
>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
256
<replaceable>FILE</replaceable></option></term>
259
OpenPGP secret key file name. The default name is
260
<quote><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/seckey.txt</filename
267
<term><option>--priority=<replaceable
268
>STRING</replaceable></option></term>
270
<xi:include href="../mandos-options.xml"
271
xpointer="priority"/>
276
<term><option>--dh-bits=<replaceable
277
>BITS</replaceable></option></term>
280
Sets the number of bits to use for the prime number in the
281
TLS Diffie-Hellman key exchange. Default is 1024.
287
<term><option>--delay=<replaceable
288
>SECONDS</replaceable></option></term>
291
After bringing the network interface up, the program waits
292
for the interface to arrive in a <quote>running</quote>
293
state before proceeding. During this time, the kernel log
294
level will be lowered to reduce clutter on the system
295
console, alleviating any other plugins which might be
296
using the system console. This option sets the upper
297
limit of seconds to wait. The default is 2.5 seconds.
303
<term><option>--retry=<replaceable
304
>SECONDS</replaceable></option></term>
307
All Mandos servers are tried repeatedly until a password
308
is received. This value specifies, in seconds, how long
309
between each successive try <emphasis>for the same
310
server</emphasis>. The default is 10 seconds.
316
<term><option>--debug</option></term>
319
Enable debug mode. This will enable a lot of output to
320
standard error about what the program is doing. The
321
program will still perform all other functions normally.
324
It will also enable debug mode in the Avahi and GnuTLS
325
libraries, making them print large amounts of debugging
332
<term><option>--help</option></term>
333
<term><option>-?</option></term>
336
Gives a help message about options and their meanings.
342
<term><option>--usage</option></term>
345
Gives a short usage message.
351
<term><option>--version</option></term>
352
<term><option>-V</option></term>
355
Prints the program version.
121
<term><literal>-c</literal>, <literal>--connect=<replaceable>
122
IP</replaceable></literal></term>
125
Connect directly to a specified mandos server
131
<term><literal>-d</literal>, <literal>--keydir=<replaceable>
132
KEYDIR</replaceable></literal></term>
135
Directory where the openpgp keyring is
141
<term><literal>-i</literal>, <literal>--interface=
142
<replaceable>INTERFACE</replaceable></literal></term>
145
Interface that Avahi will conntect through
151
<term><literal>-p</literal>, <literal>--pubkey=<replaceable>
152
PUBKEY</replaceable></literal></term>
155
Public openpgp key for gnutls authentication
161
<term><literal>-s</literal>, <literal>--seckey=<replaceable>
162
SECKEY</replaceable></literal></term>
165
Secret openpgp key for gnutls authentication
171
<term><literal>--priority=<replaceable>PRIORITY</replaceable>
181
<term><literal>--dh-bits=<replaceable>BITS</replaceable>
185
dh-bits to use in gnutls communication
191
<term><literal>--debug</literal></term>
200
<term><literal>-?</literal>, <literal>--help</literal></term>
209
<term><literal>--usage</literal></term>
212
Gives a short usage message
218
<term><literal>-V</literal>, <literal>--version</literal></term>
221
Prints the program version
362
<refsect1 id="overview">
363
<title>OVERVIEW</title>
364
<xi:include href="../overview.xml"/>
366
This program is the client part. It is a plugin started by
367
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
368
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry> which will run in
369
an initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk environment.
372
This program could, theoretically, be used as a keyscript in
373
<filename>/etc/crypttab</filename>, but it would then be
374
impossible to enter a password for the encrypted root disk at
375
the console, since this program does not read from the console
376
at all. This is why a separate plugin runner (<citerefentry>
377
<refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
378
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>) is used to run
379
both this program and others in in parallel,
380
<emphasis>one</emphasis> of which will prompt for passwords on
385
228
<refsect1 id="exit_status">
386
229
<title>EXIT STATUS</title>
388
This program will exit with a successful (zero) exit status if a
389
server could be found and the password received from it could be
390
successfully decrypted and output on standard output. The
391
program will exit with a non-zero exit status only if a critical
392
error occurs. Otherwise, it will forever connect to any
393
discovered <application>Mandos</application> servers, trying to
394
get a decryptable password and print it.
398
234
<refsect1 id="environment">
399
235
<title>ENVIRONMENT</title>
401
This program does not use any environment variables, not even
402
the ones provided by <citerefentry><refentrytitle
403
>cryptsetup</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum>
408
<refsect1 id="files">
409
241
<title>FILES</title>
412
<term><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/pubkey.txt</filename
414
<term><filename>/conf/conf.d/mandos/seckey.txt</filename
418
OpenPGP public and private key files, in <quote>ASCII
419
Armor</quote> format. These are the default file names,
420
they can be changed with the <option>--pubkey</option> and
421
<option>--seckey</option> options.
428
<!-- <refsect1 id="bugs"> -->
429
<!-- <title>BUGS</title> -->
434
252
<refsect1 id="example">
435
253
<title>EXAMPLE</title>
437
Note that normally, command line options will not be given
438
directly, but via options for the Mandos <citerefentry
439
><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
440
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
444
Normal invocation needs no options, if the network interface
445
is <quote>eth0</quote>:
448
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME;</userinput>
453
Search for Mandos servers (and connect to them) using another
457
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
458
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --interface eth1</userinput>
463
Run in debug mode, and use a custom key:
467
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
468
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt</userinput>
474
Run in debug mode, with a custom key, and do not use Zeroconf
475
to locate a server; connect directly to the IPv6 link-local
476
address <quote><systemitem class="ipaddress"
477
>fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2</systemitem></quote>, port 4711,
478
using interface eth2:
482
<!-- do not wrap this line -->
483
<userinput>&COMMANDNAME; --debug --pubkey keydir/pubkey.txt --seckey keydir/seckey.txt --connect fe80::aede:48ff:fe71:f6f2:4711 --interface eth2</userinput>
489
258
<refsect1 id="security">
490
259
<title>SECURITY</title>
492
This program is set-uid to root, but will switch back to the
493
original (and presumably non-privileged) user and group after
494
bringing up the network interface.
497
To use this program for its intended purpose (see <xref
498
linkend="purpose"/>), the password for the root file system will
499
have to be given out to be stored in a server computer, after
500
having been encrypted using an OpenPGP key. This encrypted data
501
which will be stored in a server can only be decrypted by the
502
OpenPGP key, and the data will only be given out to those
503
clients who can prove they actually have that key. This key,
504
however, is stored unencrypted on the client side in its initial
505
<acronym>RAM</acronym> disk image file system. This is normally
506
readable by all, but this is normally fixed during installation
507
of this program; file permissions are set so that no-one is able
511
The only remaining weak point is that someone with physical
512
access to the client hard drive might turn off the client
513
computer, read the OpenPGP keys directly from the hard drive,
514
and communicate with the server. To safeguard against this, the
515
server is supposed to notice the client disappearing and stop
516
giving out the encrypted data. Therefore, it is important to
517
set the timeout and checker interval values tightly on the
518
server. See <citerefentry><refentrytitle
519
>mandos</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
522
It will also help if the checker program on the server is
523
configured to request something from the client which can not be
524
spoofed by someone else on the network, unlike unencrypted
525
<acronym>ICMP</acronym> echo (<quote>ping</quote>) replies.
528
<emphasis>Note</emphasis>: This makes it completely insecure to
529
have <application >Mandos</application> clients which dual-boot
530
to another operating system which is <emphasis>not</emphasis>
531
trusted to keep the initial <acronym>RAM</acronym> disk image
536
264
<refsect1 id="see_also">
537
265
<title>SEE ALSO</title>
539
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>intro</refentrytitle>
540
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
541
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>cryptsetup</refentrytitle>
542
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
543
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>crypttab</refentrytitle>
544
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
545
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos</refentrytitle>
546
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
547
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-prompt</refentrytitle>
548
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
549
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
550
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>
555
<ulink url="http://www.zeroconf.org/">Zeroconf</ulink>
559
Zeroconf is the network protocol standard used for finding
560
Mandos servers on the local network.
566
<ulink url="http://www.avahi.org/">Avahi</ulink>
570
Avahi is the library this program calls to find Zeroconf
577
<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/"
582
GnuTLS is the library this client uses to implement TLS for
583
communicating securely with the server, and at the same time
584
send the public OpenPGP key to the server.
590
<ulink url="http://www.gnupg.org/related_software/gpgme/"
595
GPGME is the library used to decrypt the OpenPGP data sent
602
RFC 4291: <citetitle>IP Version 6 Addressing
603
Architecture</citetitle>
608
<term>Section 2.2: <citetitle>Text Representation of
609
Addresses</citetitle></term>
610
<listitem><para/></listitem>
613
<term>Section 2.5.5.2: <citetitle>IPv4-Mapped IPv6
614
Address</citetitle></term>
615
<listitem><para/></listitem>
618
<term>Section 2.5.6, <citetitle>Link-Local IPv6 Unicast
619
Addresses</citetitle></term>
622
This client uses IPv6 link-local addresses, which are
623
immediately usable since a link-local addresses is
624
automatically assigned to a network interfaces when it
634
RFC 4346: <citetitle>The Transport Layer Security (TLS)
635
Protocol Version 1.1</citetitle>
639
TLS 1.1 is the protocol implemented by GnuTLS.
645
RFC 4880: <citetitle>OpenPGP Message Format</citetitle>
649
The data received from the server is binary encrypted
656
RFC 5081: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for Transport Layer
661
This is implemented by GnuTLS and used by this program so
662
that OpenPGP keys can be used.
268
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>mandos</refentrytitle>
269
<manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
273
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>plugin-runner</refentrytitle>
274
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>
278
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>password-prompt</refentrytitle>
279
<manvolnum>8mandos</manvolnum></citerefentry>
283
<ulink url="http://www.zeroconf.org/">Zeroconf</ulink>
287
<ulink url="http://www.avahi.org/">Avahi</ulink>
292
url="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/">GnuTLS</ulink>
297
url="http://www.gnupg.org/related_software/gpgme/">
302
<citation>RFC 4880: <citetitle>OpenPGP Message
303
Format</citetitle></citation>
307
<citation>RFC 5081: <citetitle>Using OpenPGP Keys for
308
Transport Layer Security</citetitle></citation>
312
<citation>RFC 4291: <citetitle>IP Version 6 Addressing
313
Architecture</citetitle>, section 2.5.6, Link-Local IPv6
314
Unicast Addresses</citation>
670
320
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